Metaphysic - Mystic World

A Glimpse at the Chinese Zodiac

2009-07-19T23:10:00.000+07:00

Nothing in specific could the answer be when asked why they get hooked with horoscope reading and the like. Walking along downtown China, one could sense the spirit of a well retained cultural heritage attached way back centuries ago. Along the streets are sumptuous food, china wares, dry goods and even shops like psychic reading. As the year unfolds, each coming year would always be associated with Chinese characters that stand to represent the year. These characters determine and are interpreted to gage how the year would be.... struggling or on its top.

A Look at History

The long and winding Chinese Zodiac fad can be traced dating from 2637 B.C. When it's first cycle was introduced. It takes 60 years to complete the cycle, and each is made up of five cycles of twelve years each. The 78th will end on February 2044, it started on February 1984. For each of the twelve years, a specific animal is assigned to it. Legend says that, Lord Buddha summoned all the animals to come to him before he departed from earth. Only the twelve, came to bid him goodbye. To reward the animals, he named a year after each one in the order that it arrived. The order is as follows; Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, monkey, Rooster, Dog and Boar. According to ancient beliefs, the animal that rules in the year to which they are born has a profound influence on their life.

Looking Deeper

Five main elements, Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water is combined with each of the animal signs during the complete 60-year cycle. What exercises influence on once life is the element of the lunar sign.

A primal part of Oriental philosophy is the relationships among the five elements. These are divided into Conducive and Controlling interrelationships, and are as follows:

Conducive and contributing factor

We get water from metal. This implies that metal could be a container or any vessel for holding water. Corollarily, we can say that metal catches water. One idea to be deducted, is the feature of metal as the only element changeable into liquid when heated.

Woods existence can be attributed from water. The water in this sense is the dew or rain that enables plants to grow into life, thus it produce wood.In order to produce fire, wood is necessary. Fire cannot independently exist and necessitates the existence of burning wood. Ashes comes from the remnants of fire which becomes part of the earth again. It can be gainsaid that from fire we get earth. For metal to exist, it must be extracted from the earth, thus from earth we get metal.

Controlling

The existence of the five elements are interdependent of each other and each is controlled by another. It is thus presumed that; Since metal can be forged or melted with heat. Metal is controlled by Fire. Water is the only means to put out fire easily, thus it can be concluded that fire is controlled by water. Water is controlled by Earth. Canals are dug in the earth to irrigate fields or construct dikes to keep out or absorb water. Earth is dominated by Wood. Trees and their roots hold the soil together and get their food from the earth. Wood is controlled by Metal. Even the largest tree can be felled by the metal blade of an Axe.

In a nut shell

Anchored form the interpretations, Luna or the moon being the closest heavenly body on earth has shown visible power to man since the dawn of man's existence.

The interrelation of these elements and beliefs as apart of human existence drives mankind to continuously attached to this belief. Reliance to its implication to ones living has been looked after since time immemorial. Man's innate character to be connected with natural phenomena explains the continuous patronage and belief with signs. As far as Chinese Zodiac crazes is concern, there is nothing wrong with believing. Time tested passed from generation s to generations made it more intriguing and interesting. The interest to divulge what concerns the forthcoming year with elements and Chinese Zodiacs is just a natural and spontaneous reaction of humans. As long as we are living, we get crazy over anything. Crazy but sane.
Author: jabo

The Secrets Of Zodiac Marriage

2009-07-19T23:07:00.000+07:00

If the people born in these domains - Fire, Earth, Air, and Water - embody the qualities of their triplicities, it must be plain to the thoughtful student that the cause of many an unhappy marriage can be traced to the attempted union of uncongenial elements. This has always been ascribed as a reason, though until recently very vague notions have been held in regard to the causes of such uncongeniality.

We have witnessed the most crucial suffering of married people, for which neither wife nor husband could ascribe any adequate cause. We have observed the quick repulsions which have taken place after marriage, and which grew into unendurable hatred. We have seen the constant wife broken-hearted because of her husband's inconstancy, and faithful, noble husbands made miserable by their wives' extravagance, selfishness, and dishonor. But that there was a scientific explanation of such conditions has not been understood until lately.

If this explanation is found in the Zodiacal Domains, we must logically find in these domains the prevention of marital misery. If, for instance, one born under the head of a certain triplicity - we will take Aries, the head of the Fire - understands that it is unwise to marry one born under the head of another triplicity, and will carefully look into the reasons, a great deal of trouble will be saved.

Persons born in the domains of Fire and Water should not marry unless there has been a thorough spiritualizing process. Water will put out fire, but fire can have little effect upon water. Marriage in these domains means usually splutter and spatter, hiss and steam.

Fire and earth get along better together. The earth is cold, and likes and needs the vitalizing and vivifying flame, and fire likes to give of itself. Still, the greatest care is necessary even here, because fire is impetuous and dominant, and we may add domineering, and expects a quick response, which the earth is not always ready to give.

Those who think of uniting these domains in marriage should carefully investigate the signs under which they were born, and conscientiously examine themselves in relation to their adaptability to the new residence which they are expected to enter. The glamour of courtship is not always a safe light.

Fire and air are not always congenial elements. They have the same inspirational desires and aspirations, but they are both volatile, and sometimes the natural independence of air, as well as its scattering qualities, prevents it from coming satisfactorily under the influences of fire. Persons from these domains make good comrades and neighbors, and are splendid workers in all reform movements. Marriage is advised between certain signs in these domains, and the information will be found in the proper place.

Earth and Air are not particularly congenial elements. Earth takes Air as a matter of course, and Air is apt to feel its superiority as the breath of life.

Earth and Water mingle fairly. Mud is sometimes the result, but still it must be remembered that water moulds the earth. From the blending of these elements spring all the things that minister to our necessities and make the face of the earth beautiful.

Air and Water are always more or less hostile elements in the marital relation. Air people scatter, and Water people are restless. They have no more affinity for each other than a robin and a goldfish, an eagle and a whale. This, like all the rest, applies to the average undeveloped human being.

The wise reader will look into these matters and decide whether these deductions are mere theories or the truths of a great natural law. He will bring his reason to bear upon the characteristics of the domains, and by a simple process of intelligence will be able to decide upon their blending qualities.

Good common sense and observation will be sufficient to prove the truth or the fallacy of the claims made for these domains, though scientific accuracy is very desirable because overwhelmingly convincing.
About the Author

Long Lost Manuscript Resurfaces With The Little Known Secrets Of How To Read Zodiac Symbols!

Click here for FREE online Ebook

http://www.zodiacsymbol.net/

Author: Jimmy Cox

What does Meditation music do to you?

2009-07-19T23:03:00.000+07:00

Personally I belief that it is possible for anyone to live a life of happiness, inner peace, and outward success, no matter what their present or past circumstances. There are very real methods anyone can use to achieve these things'if they are willing to make the necessary changes in how they see themselves and their relationship to the rest of the world, and take the necessary actions.

All traditions of meditation flow from one premise: that the entire universe is made of one all-encompassing energy, intelligent and aware, existing forever as the source of everything. Because there is nothing outside of it, say the mystics, because of its completeness, this energy has nothing to get or need, nothing to fear. Simply because it is its nature to do so, this one energy continually spins itself out as the entire, infinite universe. The very nature of this energy, it is said, is contentment, love, peace, happiness, and perfection.

The totality of this energy, say the mystics, is who you really are; your seeming separateness, an illusion. Saints and sages have for centuries attempted to describe to humankind a state of awareness where this feeling of oneness with everything in the universe is the predominant experience.

For thousands of years, curious seekers have responded to these explanations by asking, "If I am this one, infinite energy, the beginning less and endless totality of everything, if I really am Love itself, then why do I feel so bad? Why do I have so many problems? Why don't I feel the peace and happiness you say is my true nature?" And the mystic invariably would answer, "You do not experience your true nature because of your mind. Your mind keeps you from the experience of what truly is." These explanations state that the one energy of reality, at the moment of creation, polarized itself into a seeming duality'good and evil, male and female, up and down, here and there and all other pairs of seeming opposites. This duality, however, is more apparent than real. In each pair of opposites, each part is dependent on the other for its existence, like two sides of the same coin. "Cold" is meaningless without "hot"; "good" makes no sense without "bad". According to the mystical philosophies of the East,it is the tension between these pairs of opposites, in your mind, that actually causes the universe to manifest. This tension between opposites is also reflected in the human brain. The brain, divided into two hemispheres, right and left, has the same dual structure'made more acute by the fact that in virtually all people the two hemispheres are unbalanced, a state called brain lateralization. Since the brain filters our reality in this split-brain way, we tend to see things in terms of duality rather than the oneness spoken of by mystics. Of course, today we know that this is true'the mind does indeed act as a filter, coloring our view of reality just as colored glasses give an illusory tint to what we see. As we grow up, our brain is programmed that some things cause pain and should be avoided, while others bring pleasure and should be sought. Our brain will always filter reality to confirm that its predominant beliefs and associations are the truth. No wonder we don't see the universe of love and harmony described by saints and mystics! If the brain could somehow learn to operate in a more coherent, holistic manner, if the two sides of the brain could somehow balance, interact more, and function, as one, then possibly our experience of reality would be different. The more lateralization in the brain (in other words, the more tension between polar opposites) the more feelings of separation, fear, anxiety, and isolation. In fact, as we shall see, only a lateralized brain can continue to entertain the types of beliefs that result in dysfunctional and addictive behaviors and the painful feelings that accompany them.

But our brain should not be considered like an organ what produces our consciousness, we should consider it instead like the product of our consciousness. The connections between the cells in our brain become created following the necessities of our consciousness. In this way, our brain evolves and produces his self and our implicit consciousness. Therefore, must our mind be seen as a potentiality!

Modern brain research indicates that long-term meditation does in fact balance the brain, creating a synchrony between the two hemispheres. They discovered that electrical brain wave patterns of meditators changed, in periods of deep meditation, to a single, coherent pattern, indicating that both sides of the brain ' ordinarily out of phase ' were working together in a balanced, synchronous manner. This and other research has demonstrated that this balancing, or synchronization, of the hemispheres of the brain happens in all forms of meditation. The degree of hemispheric synchronization can be very precisely determined by measuring the meditator's brain wave patterns with an electroencephalograph (EEG) machine. Any kind of focusing will bring about a degree of brain synchronization (i.e. meditation). The greater the focus, the greater the synchronization (and the deeper the meditative state). The mystic, then, sitting to meditate, balances the brain through some form of focusing, whether by repeating a prayer or mantra, keeping the attention on the flow of the breath, staring at a candle flame, or by using one of many other techniques. Whatever the technique, the effect on the brain is substantially the same'brain synchronization, and after much practice, transcendental experience. So just what is this transcendental awareness? Is it becoming some kind of a blob of undifferentiated guru that wants to sit and stare at its navel instead of going to work in the morning, or some kind of robed, smiling person handing out flowers in the airport? Contrary to common Western mythology about such things, persons operating continually in this type of awareness (a kind of 24-hour-a-day state of meditative alertness sometimes referred to as "the awakened mind") are more productive, happier, and capable of more intimacy, more creativity, and more wholeness. Since the filter through which they view reality does not split everything in to categories based on arbitrary early life programming, they see life more objectively, without fear and judgment, without a need to manipulate others, without need for approval'in short, without the limitations of mental programming. This is, in fact, a state of peak performance. And, when the brain is in this highly synchronous and coherent state, it produces large quantities of pleasure-causing petrochemicals called endorphins, making the whole experience very pleasurable!

In order to accelerate the personal growth process, can you take advantage from the results of modern brain research and use the combined method between meditation and brain wave stimulation with scientifically developed meditation music, what stimulates your brain in a more effective and faster way than traditional meditation. By doing that you'll exclude any upcoming difficulties regarding focusing your mind and concentration. Music is harmony; start practicing your meditation with harmoniouslymeditation music! http://www.meditationsession.com

This article may be freely re-published on your website or in your ezine as long as nothing is changed and the resource box is included at the bottom of the article and all links within the resource box and the article remain active for the duration of the publication of the article. Copyright © by Werner Boersch 2004

About the author: Studied Psychlogy in Germany on the University of Dűsseldorf, practicing Yoga and Meditation since several years Owner &Webmaster http://www.meditationsession.com Discuss your experiences http://www.meditation-session.blogspot.com
Author: Werner Boersch

Palmistry, Astrology, and Numerology

2009-07-19T22:39:00.002+07:00

Palmistry, Astrology, and Numerology are fortune telling systems with one common factor which sets them apart from all the other systems of Divination. What is this common thread that differentiates these systems for all the rest?

===> Palmistry - Reading the Human Hand

Palmistry is literally the art of reading the differences in the Human hand. There are (4) major hand types which classify the kind of personality you have: Action hands, Mental hands, Technical hands, and Emotional hands.

The Action hand (round palm, short fingers) denotes a quick acting, energetic personality. The Mental hand (rectangular palm, long fingers, few lines) denotes a studious intellectual personality, or possible a dreamer. The Technical hand (square palm, medium length fingers) denotes resourceful, hardworking personalities, usually very good at their chosen profession. Finally, the Emotional hand (rectangular palm, long fingers, many lines) denotes romantic personalities, lovers of arts and the beauty of nature.

===> Astrology - Reading the Planetary Signs

Astrology is the art of interpreting the meaning of the planetary signs of a person at their place and time of birth. Several systems exist; most specifically Sun Sign astrology, and Moon sign astrology. These systems classify a person based on their Astrological sign, their primary personality type, and then to a lesser extent, the influences of the other planets based on their positions at birth.

===> Numerology - Reading the Number Vibration at Birth

Numerology is the art of interpreting a person's name and birth date as a series of numeric values, corresponding to various wave lengths or vibrations as we know them. Each person has a primary Life Path number, determined by the fadic addition of their Gregorian birth date. Other elements of their personality are then determined by the combinations of vowels and consonants in their use name.

Constance - the Linking thread

The one thing these great systems of divination have that sets them apart from the Tarot, Runes, and other forms of divination, is that the reading is based on constant unchanging factors thought a person's life. Every tarot reading you have done will change, in response to different cards. No Rune casting will be identical with the last one. But your Hands will not change; and your name and Birth Date will not change.

The readings you get from Palmistry, Astrology, and Numerology will tend to not address specific questions you may ask about your current needs, rather they will give you answers to Life; how you approach it, and what it has in store for you.

About the Author

Keith Abbott is the developer and owner of 'Numerology 4 You' where you can order your own Numerology reading, including your personal Lucky Numbers. Visit him on the web today at http://www.numerology4you.com

Author: Keith Abbott

Ilmu trawangan - The Secret of Clairvoyance

2009-07-19T13:42:00.000+07:00

Ilmu trawangan ini adalah ilmu teropong atau sorog yang berfungsi untuk melihat alam gaib atau alam halus. Bahkan pada tingkatan yang tinggi bisa untuk melihat alam nyata yang tidak terjangkau oleh pandangan mata kita. Misalnya si A adalah seorang ahli trawangan tinggal di Surabaya dan dari kota tersebut ia bisa melihat saudaranya yang jauh dari kota itu. Bahkan si A bisa membaca surat yang masih tertutup rapat dalam amplop. Orang yang menguasai ilmu ini seakan-akan memiliki 'mata ketiga' atau indera ke-enam.

Syarat utama mengamalkan ilmu trawangan adalah berpuasa. Sebagai pembuka puasa di sini tidak hanya sekadar tidak makan dan tidak minum, tetapi berpuasa dari nafsu lahir batin. Lahirnya tidak makan, tidak minum dan tidak bersetubuh, bhatinnya mengekang segala sesuatu yang jelek. Bertindak sabar dan penuh rasa welas asih terhadap sesamanya.
Puasa ilmu terawang ini ada tiga tingkat, yaitu: Tingkat kesatu : puasa 3 hari (puasa dimulai dari hari Selasa Kliwon); Tingkat kedua: puasa 7 hari (puasa dimulai dari hari Selasa Kliwon); dan Tingkat ketiga: puasa 40 hari (puasa dimulai hari Sabtu Kliwon).
Pada puasa tingkat kesatu biasanya Anda sudah bisa menguasai ilmu terawang. Anda sudah bisa melihat alam ghaib dengan jelas. Sekalipun Anda sudah mampu memiliki ilmu terawang, sebaiknya di bulan-bulan berikutnya Anda mencoba berpuasa lagi ke tingkat kedua dan ketiga, sebab bila sudah tingkat tiga, ilmu trawang Anda akan benar-benar sempurna.
Seseorang yang sudah sempurna ilmu terawangnya tidak akan mudah terkecoh oleh tipuan mahluk-mahluk alam halus. Perlu diketahui, bangsa jin tingkat rendah suka mengganggu terawang kita. Misalnya Anda ingin menjumpai rohnya Sultan Agung. Karena tingkat trawangan Anda masih rendah, datanglah jin jahat menjelma menjadi Sultan Agung. Wajah, penampilan dan suaranya dibuat mirip Sultan Agung. Nah, dengan begitu anda terkecoh! Padahal, Anda terlanjur yakin bahwa yang datang dan Anda lihat itu benar-benar Sultan Agung.
Penipuan seperti ini akan lebih celaka lagi bila Anda dimintai tolong orang yang kecurian barang. Misal, Anda disuruh melihat pencurinya. Kemudian Anda melihat dengan ilmu trawangan, ternyata yang hadir adalah roh jahat yang menjelma seseorang yang bukan pencurinya. Roh tersebut asal comot saja pada orang yang dipermainkannya. Padahal Anda sudah yakin dengan trawangan Anda. Nah, dengan begitu Anda berarti memfitnah orang.
Lain lagi bila ilmu trawanga Anda sudah tinggi. Anda akan tahu bahwa Anda dikelabui roh jahat. Tetapi biasanya roh jahat tidak berani mengganggu orang berilmu tinggi. Mantra ilmu trawangan sebagai berikut:
"Allaahumma antas salam, qodia haajatii, ghoib busisir maasyaa'allaah. Alimul ghoibi was syahadatil khobiirul muta'al. Alaa'alamu man kholaq, wa hual lathiiful khobiir."

SYARAT DAN LAKUNYA
Selama berpuasa sehabis sholat fardhu dibaca 13 kali, kemudian diteruskan membaca "Yaa Khobiir" sebanyak 812 kali. Dan selama berpuasa melakukan sholat hajat di tengah malam. Selesai sholat hajat membaca istigfar 1000 kali, lalu membaca sholawat 100 kali dan baca amalan tersebut di atas (mantra ilmu trawangan) 13 kali serta "Yaa Khobiir" 812 kali.
Selesai puasa, pada malam harinya (tengah malam) dicoba di tempat yang gelap dan sunyi, seperti di 'punden' (tempat pedanyangan) atau tempat yang dianggap angker. Bisa juga untuk dicoba melihat isi pusaka (keris, batu akik, besi kuning dan sebagainya). Untuk mencobanya, duduklah bersila dengan santai menghadap ke obyek.
Bila anda takut, boleh membawa teman satu atau dua orang. Tetapi teman Anda jangan boleh mengganggu konsentrasi Anda. Gunakan pernafasan yang halus dan tertur. Baca dulu dalam hati amalan trawangan sebanyak 13 kali, lalu baca "Yaa Khobiir" sebanyak 812 kali. Setelah itu sedot nafas dalam-dalam dan tahan kuat-kuat disertai dengan memejamkan mata rapat-rapat. Dalam hati memohon pertolongan Allah.
Konsentrasi: pusatkan ke titik pangkal hidung (antara dua mata). Nikmati gelap itu, bila ada titik cahaya, padanglah terus titik cahaya itu dengan mata batin. Cahaya itu lama kelamaan akan membesar. Biasanya warnanya sejuk putih kebiru-biruan seperti sinar lampu neon. Nah, setelah memandang cahaya gaib itu terus menerus, dalam waktu cepat Anda akan melihat alam halus dan makhluk-makhluk halus di sekitar Anda. Mata fisik terus terpejam.
Gunakan mata batin untuk melihat alam gaib tersebut. Setelah Anda berhasil, napas yang tadi ditahan segera dilepaskan pelan-pelan dan mulailah bernapas biasa.

PANTANGAN
Beberapa pantangan ilmu terawangan adalah: tidak boleh minum minuman beralkohol, apabila sampai mabuk; jangan sekali-kali sengaja menerawang bagian-bagian vital (alat kelamin) lawan jenis Anda; dan, Jangan sekali-kali menerawang dengan sengaja orang bersenggama, atau menerawang lawan jenis yang sedang mandi.
Bila Anda melanggar pantangan ini, maka selain Anda akan berdosa dan dikutuk oleh ro-roh luhur, ilmu trawangan Anda akan berkurang atau lenyap sama sekali. Terkecuali Anda tidak sengaja menerawang hal itu, untuk hal yang demikian cepat-cepatlah Anda menyebut istigfar 3 kali dan cepat-cepatlah menjauh dari pandangan itu.

Aji Kumbalageni aka Serat Kumbolo Geni

2009-06-24T10:01:00.002+07:00

Serat Kumbolo Geni
Terms:

1. Fasting Mutih 1 day (only eat white rice), starting from 12 days and nights open pas maghrib time. During the fast runs are required to pray 5 times fardhu, and immediately read kumbalageni Aji 7X above Sajadah appropriate in the opposite direction Aji Kumbalageni .
2. Before 00.30 WIB, the Aji Kumbalageni immediately below the fence outside the house and standing position while reading in accordance with the direction (North, East, South, West).

Aji Kumbalageni

Hong ilaheng pra yogananira (east side)

Ana geni teka wetan, aputih rupaning geni, apa pakaryaning geni, anglebura lara roga, lara geng lara wigena, salire lara trimala, tujuh teluh tarengnyana, budug edan ayan buyan, wus lebur dening geni teka wetan (read 7X).

Hong ilaheng pra yogananira (south side)

Ana geni teka kidul, abang rupaning kang geni, apa pakaryaning geni, anglebura lara roga, lara geng lara wigena, saliring lara trimala, tujuh teluh tarengnyana, budug edan ayan buyan, wus lebur dening geni teka kidul (read 7X).

Hong ilaheng pra yogananira (west side)

Ana geni teka kulon, akuning rupaning kang geni, apa pakaryaning geni, anglebura lara roga, lara geng lara wigena, saliring lara trimala, tujuh teluh tarengnyana, budug edan ayan buyan, wus lebur dening geni teka kulon (read 7X).

Hong ilaheng pra yogananira (north side)

Ana geni teka elor, ireng rupaning kang geni, apa pakaryaning geni, anglebura lara roga, lara geng lara wigena, saliring lara trimala, tujuh teluh tarengnyana, budug edan ayan buyan, wus lebur dening geni teka elor (read 7X).

Mapinguari

2009-06-24T09:14:00.005+07:00

The mapinguari (or mapinguary) (IPA: /mapiŋgwa'ri/) is a legendary ground-dwelling sloth-like creature with red fur living in the Amazon rainforests of Brazil and Bolivia.

According to some native accounts the creature has a series of unnatural characteristics related to other fantastic beings of Brazilian mythology, like long claws, caiman skin, backward feet and a second mouth on its belly. These characteristics are not shared by all accounts of the creature.

According to legend, it is slow but ferocious and very dangerous due to its ability to move without noise in between the thick vegetation, its only weakness being that of avoiding water bodies (which limits its movements in a region where so many rivers, brooklets and lagoons exist, especially during the rainy season). Most accounts state that the creature is carnivorous -- though not necessarily man-eating. When it smells the presence of humans it stands up on its back feet, becoming as tall as two metres, a movement similar to Grizzly bears.

According to local legends, the Mapinguari, a large, nocturnal, red-haired monster with a disorienting stench, roams the Amazon jungle of Brazil. Locals describe the Mapinguari as standing about two meters tall when on its hind legs. Interestingly, its feet are turned backwards and it is reportedly capable of ripping apart palm trees with its large claws. Although most scientists dismiss the Mapinguari as myth, a few, among them ornithologist David Oren, believe the Mapinguari may actually exist. They theorize that it may be a surviving giant ground sloth similar to the Mylodon, generally thought to have gone extinct about ten thousand years ago. It would not be entirely unprecedented to discover a living specimen of a species thought to be extinct for such a long period. In 1972, Dr. Ralph Wetzel discovered living specimens of the Chacoan Peccary, a close relative of pigs and boars, while on an expedition to the Gran Chaco. Prior to his discovery, the only example of this type of peccary had come from fossil remains, and they were generally considered to have died out about ten thousand years ago.

Cryptozoology

Many cryptozoologists are intrigued by reports of this creature, though some have dismissed it as a folkloric/mythologic creature, or a long-preserved folk memory of the giant animals that existed in South America in the Pleistocene, in particular the giant ground sloth Mylodon.

Among the many researchers who have tried to find evidence for the existence of the Mapinguari is the ornithologist David Oren. During his various expeditions, he has collected a range of material some of which was later shown to be agouti fur, anteater feces, and casts of tracks that were inconclusive. Nevertheless, Oren still considers the creature to be real, but highly elusive, and nowadays extremely rare, avoiding contact with humans whenever possible.

Mapinguari is a possibly-rejected explanation of what the monster really is. This page is one of the easter eggs in oceanic-air.com, a site operated by ABC rather than Lost's creative authorities. Therefore the canonicity of this website's contents are disputed by fans.

The Mapinguari is a giant ground sloth-like creature of folk legend, similar to the Loch Ness Monster, Bigfoot or Chupacabra, and is reputed to live in the Amazon jungle of South America. However, the Mapinguari is normally not associated with Australia.

Mongolian Death Worm

2009-06-23T22:17:00.001+07:00

The Mongolian Death Worm is a cryptid purported to exist in the Gobi Desert. It is generally considered a cryptozoological creature; one whose sightings and reports are disputed or unconfirmed.

It is described as a bright red worm with a wide body that is 0.6 to 1.5 meters (2 to 5 feet) long.[citation needed]

In general, scientists reject the possibility that such mega-fauna cryptids exist, because of the improbably large numbers necessary to maintain a breeding population and because climate and food supply issues make their survival in reported habitats unlikely.

The local name is allghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoy (хорхой), which means "blood filled intestine worm" because it is reported to look like the intestine of a cow. It is the subject of a number of extraordinary claims by Mongolian locals—such as the ability of the worm to spew forth sulfuric acid that, on contact, will turn anything it touches yellow and corroded (which would kill a human), and its purported ability to kill at a distance by means of electric discharge.

One investigator of that animal is Czech author Ivan Mackerle, who said in Fate Magazine (June 1991) that it reportedly kills its victims by electrocution. British zoologist Karl Shuker brought it to the general attention of the English speaking public in his 1996 book The Unexplained, followed a year later by his Fortean Studies paper on this subject, which was reprinted in The Beasts That Hide From Man in which it was hypothesized that the death worm was an Amphisbaenid. Loren Coleman also included this animal in Cryptozoology A to Z.

A joint expedition in 2005 by the Centre for Fortean Zoology and E-Mongol investigated new reports and sighting of the creature. They found no evidence of its existence, but could not rule out that it might live in the deep Gobi Desert along the prohibited areas of the Mongolian/Chinese border.

The most recent expedition was in 2006–2007, conducted by the reality-television series, Destination Truth.

Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 4

2009-06-23T18:54:00.003+07:00

Read Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

At the present day almost all occult knowledge is possessed and preserved by secret societies; and the members of these societies or bodies only teach such individuals as have reached a point in their evolution which has made them capable of receiving the higher truths. In this way portions of this secret knowledge are given to the world from time to time as the world becomes able to receive them.

The culmination of what is known as the Dark Age, in this period of evolution, came in the nineteenth century, for at that time the world reached its lowest point in materialism, and from now the tendency will continue to be upward toward Spirituality. A few Occultists believe that the time has passed when there is a necessity for guarding these secrets with such jealous care, and believe that the world is ready to receive more of these truths than formerly. Then, too, many
persons are making discoveries along these lines and are ignorantly misusing the forces they are learning to use. So it has been decided to teach the people something about these forces and how they can and should be used, in the hope of averting, if possible, the fate of the Lemurians and Atlanteans.

Almost every day you may see in the newspapers advertisements in which the offer is made to instruct people concerning personal magnetism and how to use it; how to be successful, how to become popular and how to dominate other minds until they become enslaved. The people are awakening and are beginning to feel a great desire to know about these Occult forces; and if they do not use them rightly they will surely use them wrongly.

At the present time various efforts are being made to give the occult teachings to such persons as are fitted to receive them, but they cannot yet be taught in full to the great mass of people; but should only be given to those who desire to know the truth and who wish to ally their forces with those of Nature for the good of others and for benefit to themselves.

Now you are not going to be taught all there is about Occultism in these lectures, but only that particular portion which teaches what the great Universal Mind is; and after that what you are, what your subjective and objective minds are and what occult forces each of these minds reaches and controls. Then you shall be taught how to use these forces for your own upbuilding and for the hastening of your evolution. We shall confine ourselves to mental lines, taking fragments of occult history and bringing them together into a small mosaic which will show you your relationship
to the Universal Mind and how all humanity is but a manifestation of that great Mind.

We shall learn how to build ourselves up along spiritual, mental and material lines, because this knowledge can be used successfully along all three. We all want to succeed in life materially, and most of us want to grow in knowledge and power; and it is through the use of these forces that we accomplish our heart's desire. The time is fast approaching when man must learn to use his mental forces or fail in the great evolutionary struggle - fail for this entire period - not to take the battle up again until some other Cosmic Day shall come. In the course of time all men who
survive will become Occultists.

Read Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 3

2009-06-23T18:38:00.003+07:00

Read Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

Atlantis extended from the West Indies to the coast of Central and Northern Africa, as we know from the investigations of the British Government, which spent many years,
and large sums of money, in detemining the extent of the sunken continent; and it was here that civilization proceeded with tremendous strides. All the accumulated knowledge of the other periods was stored in the minds of those who had been the Lemurians, and were then incarnating as Atlanteans. As they acquired greater and greater knowledge, they not only reached a point in mechanical development almost as great as our own, but they also took up the study of Occultism, which became common among the people.

By that time the great Masters had retired from physical contact with men, and the Adepts had taken their places as direct teachers of the people. They moved among men, and were the kings and rulers, the law-givers and inventors; in fact, they were the inspirers of the race up to the time it reached its highest point of development in that period.

Then the continent became divided into five great kingdoms, and in each of these there were lodges of Adepts. At the height of Atlantis' glory, once more the people turned to sensual abandonment, and the Adepts withdrew into Retreats with their pupils, for the people refused to listen to them, or to be aided by them any longer. In the course of time, materialism swept over that continent, as it has swept over Europe and America; and Occultism was forgotten by the masses, and remembered only by the few; and then, gradually, that which was pure Occultism became perverted, and men began to use their powers criminally. Those who remembered or practiced Occultism, put into operation mental and certain other forces which enslaved all those who had forgotten how to use their own forces, or who were not developed to the same point as themselves.

And thus Atlantis became a continent where a few immensely wealthy, powerful and
strong egos ruled the majority of the people, and made them their slaves. But the misuse of Occult forces brought its reaction, as it always does, and, as Plato tells us, Atlantis suddenly became submerged. You remember that when he went to Egypt he was informed that the last remnants of Atlantis had disappeared about five thousand years prior to his visit; and also that the priests had records of the old continent, as well as of their own country, which extended back thousands of years. These records were kept by the Occultists who were priests in the time of Plato, and are still kept in triplicate; one copy has been placed in each of the three great repositories situated on separate continents.

Before Atlantis went down those of the inhabitants who had preserved their purity and who were trying to lead upright lives, were taken by the Adepts out of the country. Those living in the Western Empires were colonized in Central and South America. In Central America that rare civilization which preceded our own was founded, and was the duplicate in every respect of the one formerly established in India. The degenerate descendants from the Central American civilization emigrated to North and South America and populated them. The degeneracy of these aboriginal
Americans was due to the fact that at this time in that Fourth Period the undeveloped souls of the Atlanteans were incarnating in those bodies; for it was with the Atlanteans as it had been with the Lemurians, the strongest souls came first and became the pioneers. They bore the heaviest burdens and thus prepared the way for the less developed souls who had not the strength to do the work that their elder brothers had done. And it should not be forgotten that the history of the
Lemurians and the Atlanteans is but the history of ourselves. Our strongest and bravest souls came forward to start the Fifth Period onward in its evolution, as even a cursory reading of general history will disclose, and they have reappeared from time to time to manifest their energies in the several lines of human achievement, in order to teach, help and direct the course of events.

From the Eastern Empires of Atlantis the advanced souls went into Africa and laid the foundation of what is known now as the Egyptian Empire. And this brings us to the Fifth Period, in which Occultism was again taught popularly and openly among the people. A study of Egyptian history reveals that during its entire period there were Occultists-Magicians they were called - who could produce great phenomena. They were teachers of the people and were the priests and law-givers; they were the friends of kings and were consulted whenever there was sickness or national calamity. These teachers were the Adepts who came in contact with the people.

In the Fifth Period, which is the present one, the descendants of the colony which remained in India, having reached the height of its prosperity and development, passed Westward and founded the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires. There again the Adepts moved among men. In both sacred and profane history of those times we find that the Magi were able to cure all manner of diseases and to manipulate the laws of nature. Passing upward from Babylon and Syria to the Mediterranean on the one side and through Egypt to the Mediterranean on the other, we find that the great remnants of the Third and Fourth Periods were merged and blended in the Fifth Period in
the Phoenician, the Grecian, the Carthaginian and the Roman peoples.

This is not a statement of occult history in full; but is merely the barest outline in order to show you how Occultism has been presented in the past, and how it has been preserved for us. At the beginning of this Fifth Period we had a new burst of occult knowledge and force, because all the knowledge acquired in the preceding periods by the egos had been brought over in these later incarnations, and in the early history of each of the Nations mentioned Occultism was taught to the people once more. The Adepts were friends of the people and were freely consulted by them.

But gradually as materialism advanced and sensuality became the dominant trait of
each of these peoples, the Adepts withdrew again from personal contact with the world - as the great Masters had withdrawn in previous periods of time. In Greece materialism in its most artistic form began to stamp itself upon the minds of the people, who turned from spiritual teachings and caused the Adepts to withdraw entirely from the world. And it came to pass that all magic or Occultism, for they were identical in those days, was confined to what is known now as temple magic and was practiced by the priests who were students of the Adepts. In various Grecian temples mechanical or ceremonial magic was taught; that is, a knowledge of mental forces united with a knowledge of chemistry and alchemy, by the blending of which great phenomena were produced. Some record of this great knowledge is preserved
even in the histories which you have.

Before Occultism in Greece passed away one final attempt was made to counteract materialism, and the Eleusinian Mysteries were founded. In these mysteries the development and evolution of the human soul were taught in symbolic form and the wisest mein of that age thought it a privilege to be initiated into these Mysteries. But even this proved unavailing to stem the tide of materialism and therefore the priests ceased to publicly proclaim or exert their occult powers. Occasionally
some enthusiastic student came forward and exhibited his knowledge of the Occult by
the performance of a few miracles and marvelous phenomena; but the people as a whole were too materialistic to be taught anything better or higher than their own gross beliefs and soon such students had to retire from public work.

Then Christianity arose, and its doctrines were received by a great many who, after a brief period of genuine revival of spirituality, used them for political purposes. The different orders of the priesthood became the Occult Bodies within the Christian Church, and up to the Middle Ages the priests in the Church possessed all the knowledge of Occultism that the world had. And the Catholic Church is now the only one that has preserved a trace of this ancient truth. It was during the Middle Ages that the Occultists as a class withdrew from the Church of Rome and formed secret
bodies or societies, such as the Rosicrucians, in various parts of the world.

Read Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 2

2009-06-23T18:37:00.003+07:00

Read Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

The student of Occultism says, I want to know when the ideal which determined all its future growth was stamped upon that germ. I want to know why, when it reached that point, it became a man instead of a bird; why it drew to itself certain elements and threw off others. I want to know the laws that govern the subjective side of life; I want the veil to be torn away, that I may see the cause of form, and not only its effects. This is why he attempts to study first upon the objective
side of life and then upon the subjective, or to study them contemporaneously.
As materialistic as was the Nineteenth Century, we find that a few men once more began to turn their thoughts toward the realm of the unknown and unseen in order to discover, if possible, the "why" of existence.

And certain scientific men thought it not unreasonable nor undignified to investigate the Occult or to organize The Society for Psychical Research for the purpose of investigating these occult subjects. We have seen the great cult of Spiritualism spreading through the
world and have witnessed the revival of Palmistry and of Astrology and other quasi Occult Sciences.

Then following these, the crowning effort of all, we find that a great psychic wave swept over the world and man began to realize that he was Mind and as such was neither bound by time nor by space, but could send his thoughts in any given direction and could communicate without words with distant minds; and that mind could compel matter to obey it. With the awakening of the world the Occult Sciences have again challenged the attention of the most progressive men of the race.

But man grows tired of externals and life after life as he evolves he studies deeper and deeper into Nature's laws. We do not always accomplish the same amount of study in each life because we think we have not the time for study. We believe we have so much else to do that is of much more importance to us. Then there is the external world with its duties and pleasures and our attention is so deeply engaged with these things that we have no time left for more serious subjects.

But in each life we take up as much of the study of these sciences as we have the time and inclination for, and gradually after many ages have passed we become earnest and devoted students. A knowledge of Occult Law may be gained in two ways, by original research and by teachers.

There are courageous souls who choose to progress along the lines of personal experimentation instead of taking the easier and perhaps the better way of gaining a knowledge of its principles through the aid of teachers. These strong souls often make terrible mistakes and unnecessary sacrifices, for, after leaving the objective plane, they come upon the hidden or subjective side where there are forces and agencies that turn to naught man's thought and efforts unless both be properly
directed. But even when knowledge has been gained through teachers it does not put an end to experimentation; because the teacher explains the law and leaves the pupil to make his own verification after having been taught how it should be done. The knowledge comes, however, as all real knowledge must, by experimentation and by experience.

Who are the teachers? They may be grouped into three great classes, Masters, Adepts and Students. The Masters of Occultism are those who, in a prior period of Cosmic evolution, passed upward through the human stage until they reached the Divine, and became Gods. When a new Cosmic Day commences, and new planets are formed, and men are brought into existence for the purpose of unfolding more and more of the Deity within themselves and enlarging their consciousness as individualized parts of nature, the Masters are they who lead and teach the evolving race. The Adepts are those advanced men of our race who are students of the Masters, while at the same time they are teachers of their less developed brothers. They are men who have perfected themselves along certain lines, but have not reached perfection along all lines. The Students are they who are studying under these Adepts; they are persons who desire to know the truth, and have devoted themselves to the study of these particular sciences.

They hold the same relation to the Adepts as the Adepts hold to the Masters.
There are different grades of Masters because they who finished their evolution upon their system of worlds earlier in the great Cosmic Day are stronger than they who finished later. And so there are grades of Adepts and of Students. We find that there are everywhere grades of intelligence.

In other words, that which Huxley speaks of as a scientific necessity is true, and there are intelligences in this Universe as superior to man as man is superior to a black beetle. Take, for instance, a Patagonian or an Australian Bushman, and contrast him with an Emerson. What a vast gulf separates these two intelligences! Yet both are proceeding upward in their evolutionary career; the one, of course, being in advance of the other.

And it does not require much scientific imagination to conceive that there is an infinite gradation of intelligence because we see such a diversity everywhere. Then it is only logical to suppose that what is true upon the lower plane of our daily experience is also true throughout nature. The Masters and Adepts are the custodians of the Occult Sciences, which are perfected sciences, it is claimed, because they cover all departments of nature, both physical and metaphysical, the objective and the subjective.

Now, all the facts and principles of these sciences must be verified by each person as he progresses along his evolutionary path. I may tell you something that may seem absurd to you; or you may say "that sounds reasonable," and therefore you believe it. I may tell you something else, and you say, "I believe that is true because both the intuitive and rational portions of my nature endorse it." But you do not know whether it is true or not. In the first case you have a disbelief, in the next two cases a belief; but before you have a knowledge, you must verify the truth of
my assertion. And so it is that every student of Occultism must verify each statement of his teacher in order that he may make it a part of his own being - that he may know that it is true; otherwise it would be only a belief, and beliefs do not amount to much, because there are almost as many beliefs and theories as there are individuals.

In this Cosmic Day Occultism commenced when the Masters came upon this planet to teach mankind. The evolution on this planet is divided into a certain number of periods, and we are at the present time in what the Occultists know as the fifth period. In the first and second periods very little was accomplished by man. He was, as it were, in a new world with new sensations and new experiences, and his life was entirely objective, and largely animal. His theater of activity was that continent known to tradition as "The Land of the Gods Mount Muru," "The Imperishable Isles," or what we would prosaically call the "Continent of the North Pole."

During the third period of evolution, man lived upon the continent known as Lemuria - a continent lying in the Pacific Ocean, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. Its Northern portion was much in the present location of Australia, the Philippines, and the Islands of the Southern Pacific; all of which constitute the remnants of that continent now sunken beneath the seas. That periods occur in which there is a sinking of certain continents, and a rising of others, is as well known to Physicists
as to Occultists. In Lemuria man passed from his lowest state of animal existence into what we may call a more rational or human state. His development during this time is substantially shown in the history of primitive man. Some of the egos, outstripping the others, succeeded in reaching adeptship along certain lines, but the great mass of the people lived sensuous and sensual lives. There was very little spirituality manifested by the race during this period, and the perversion
of natural laws and forces became marked toward its close.

The most notable event which occurred on that continent, immediately prior to the cataclysm which swept it beneath the waters, was the establishment of colonies in India. The colonists consisted of Masters, the Adepts and the cream of the race. It was these colonists who built the rock temples of Elephanta and the other great temples of India - those temples in which mysticism seems to have had its earlier home; and where, upon their walls, are painted the strange old symbols, in colors, that indicate the history and the growth of man.

Those were the souls who gave to India its riches in literature and philosophy, and established the mighty empires which even tradition has forgotten. But it was the degenerate descendants of these colonists who spread Northward and Westward, and populated first Asia, and later, Europe. After the continent of Lemuria had passed away, then came the fourth period, with man's field of activity in Atlantis.

Read Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1

2009-06-23T18:22:00.009+07:00

Read Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

To many persons the subjects discussed in these lectures may appear preposterous, and therefore those of you who have not studied along metaphysical lines are requested to hold yourselves agnostically until this entire course shall be finished. You do not know whether Occultism is true or not; you are now ready to examine the subject and, after having heard the entire exposition, you will be in a position to judge whether it offers a logical, working hypothesis, and whether it is
worthy to receive more of your time and consideration.

If it is true it can be demonstrated, for truth is always demonstrable. You can prove by demonstration each of the fundamental statements that will be made, as you can prove a proposition in mathematics. When I say truth is demonstrable, do not understand me to mean that it is capable of being demonstrated immediately upon hearing it. Everything must unfold. You cannot raise your body on a horizontal bar the first time you try because your muscles are not strong enough; but after your muscles have become
strengthened by practice you may be capable of raising your body to any position you desire. So it is with a person who has never used his mind in scientific reasoning or in concentration. He should not flatter himself that he can immediately accomplish what a person who has practiced for many years can do. If you use your mind along the lines indicated in these lectures you will find that there will be a continuous growth for you, and that the time will come when you can do anything that you desire. A very large promise, you may say, but if it is true I assure you it is demonstrable.

Our first subject is "Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future." This is an introductory lecture, giving something of the history of Occultism and of the Occultists in order that we may know the source from which our information is derived.

The Century Dictionary gives the definition of Occultism as: "The doctrine, practice or rites of things occult or mysterious; the Occult Sciences or their study; mysticism; esotericism." In the Middle Ages Occult Science or Occultism embraced primarily what is now known as the physical sciences. It was understood to mean those things which were unknown, but which by experimentation might become known. Chemistry, as a branch of Alchemy, was regarded as one of the Occult Sciences because it was largely unknown, but through investigation and experimentation
it constantly became better known. But Occultism also had a secondary meaning which was coupled with the first, namely, mysticism, esotericism.

In ancient days people thought it not unwise to attempt the discovery of the unknown through experimentation with the subjective as well as the objective side of nature, and the two meanings, that which pertained to the objective, which was unknown but could be ascertained, and that which pertained to the subjective, which was unknown but could be ascertained, were both included in the term Occultism.

Materialism as it grew in strength called the unknown (which was becoming known on the objective or visible side of life) "Science," but stamped the belief in or the investigation of the subjective side of life as "superstition." And most people became very much afraid of that word, and became afraid of being known as superstitious even more than to be known as ignorant; and such persons preferred to remain ignorant of the Occult. In time the word Occultism grew to mean that which pertained to the subjective - that which pertained to esotericism, and at present it is defined as esotericism.

As you go back in history you will find that esotericism has everywhere played a large part in moulding the thoughts of men. There were always the esoteric and the exoteric religions and sciences. There always has been and there will be for ages yet to come one religion for the masses and another for the students. There have been for a long time, and for some time yet to come there will be two sciences - one for the materialist, diluted for the masses, and another for the students of Occultism. You will find traces of this duality in any religion at any period in history.

The Nazarene, the inspired leader of the Christians, after having taught the multitude in parables and having withdrawn to one side, was questioned by His disciples: "Why speakest thou to them in parables?" He answered: "Because it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given." And afterward He unfolded to His disciples the esoteric side of His teachings, thus giving them truths that were not for the masses. And in all religions, whether it be the Egyptian, Buddhism, or that precursor of the Christian religion - Judaism, there are truths which are revealed only to the student. In Judaism there was the Jehovic teaching for the masses, the Cabalistic for the most secret students, and between these two was a third, the Talmudic, which partook of the nature of both. So the truth reached all grades of society according to the comprehension of each - a plan that was adopted later by the Church of Rome with
very great success.

Of course many religionists, especially those calling themselves Christians, will deny that there is any esotericism in their faith. But those who are acquainted with the history of the early Christian Church and the writings of the Fathers, and those who are familiar with the philosophy of The Logos, and the mysticism of Paul as shown in his Epistles, will never attempt to deny it to the educated.

But however violent the denial of esotericism may be by the religionist, it will not exceed in violence the denial of the term "science" to anything pertaining to the occult by the majority of the modern physicists; yet scorn, laughter or denial will not blot from the pages of either sacred or profane history the fact that Magic was and is practiced among all people. The existence of magic necessitates the knowledge of certain laws and forces which are as yet unknown to the materialist, though modern science, having gone almost to the limit of the visible, is now beginning to
knock at the door of the Occult Sciences and to pry into the invisible. It is already studying the ether, ions, electrical invisibles, atoms and radiant matter. It is only a few weeks since Flammarion, in one of his articles, said that he was a student of Occultism, and that henceforth all progressive men of science would have to study along that line.

According to the teachings of esotericism Occultism is the science of Divine Unfoldment. The student of Occultism regards Deity as the All; and is taught that there is not nor cannot be any manifestation outside of Deity. Whether we look at a blade of grass, or a drop of water, or upon our planet with its teeming myriads of men and animals, or look away into space at system after system of worlds, all is Deity in various states of manifestation. The Occultist is primarily an evolutionist
and says that all evolution is carried on during vast periods of time, which he calls
Cosmic Days; that Deity idealizes a picture of what It will accomplish during a Cosmic Day, and then the whole impulse of evolution - which is Divine Energy or Impulse - is onward and upward, striving ever to reach that idealization.

Everything in the universe is an unfoldment of Deity Itself, and Occultism is the science of that Unfoldment. It teaches the laws under which that Unfoldment takes place, not only upon the objective plane of life but also upon the subjective plane. The Occultist finds that where he merely studies the modern sciences he is only studying the sciences of effects, for there is not one of the modern sciences that teaches the cause of phenomena. Take the subject where modern science has perhaps made as much progress as in any other line - embryology. We find there is a germ; it
has a form of life; a method of accretion; it reaches a certain point of development; then ask a scientific man what it is going to be, a fish, a bird, a reptile or a man, and he cannot answer.

Up to this point the formation of a germ of each kind is identical with the others. But after this point has been reached there is new accretion, a new form is assumed, and the germ may become a bird, a fish, a reptile or a man; but the form that it takes was indelibly stamped upon it from the beginning. How was it stamped? What determines the diverging point, what determines the form of consciousness, the form of expression? In the science of embryology there is no satisfactory answer to be had because here, as you see, is the study of effects. The cause is not looked for, is not found.

Read Occultism, Its Past, Present and Future Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4

Attraction AcceleratorTM and Attraction ActivatorTM

2009-06-23T17:30:00.005+07:00

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Egyptian Magic - Preface 2

2009-06-16T20:41:00.000+07:00

From the religious books of ancient Egypt we learn that the power possessed by a priest or man who was skilled in the knowledge and working of magic was believed to be almost boundless. By pronouncing certain words or names of power in the proper manner and in the proper tone of voice he could heal the sick, and cast out the evil spirits which caused pain and suffering in those who were diseased, and restore the dead to life, and bestow upon the dead man the power to transform the corruptible into an incorruptible body, wherein the soul might live to all eternity.

His words enabled human beings to assume divers forms at will, and to project their souls into animals and other creatures; and in obedience to his commands, inanimate figures and pictures became living beings and things which hastened to perform his behests. The powers of nature acknowledged his might, and wind and rain, storm and tempest, river and sea, and disease and death worked evil and ruin upon his foes, and upon the enemies of those who were provided with the knowledge of the words which he had wrested from the gods of heaven, and earth, and the underworld. Inanimate nature likewise obeyed such words of power, and even the world itself came into existence through the utterance of a word by Thoth; by their means the earth could be rent asunder, and the waters forsaking their nature could be piled up in a heap, and even the sun's course in the heavens could be stayed by a word.

No god, or spirit, or devil, or fiend, could resist words of power, and the Egyptians invoked their aid in the smallest as well as in the greatest events of their lives. To him that was versed in the lore contained in the books of the "double house of life" the future was as well known as the past, and neither time nor distance could limit the operations of his power; the mysteries of life and death were laid bare before him, and he could draw aside the veil which hid the secrets of fate and destiny from the knowledge of ordinary mortals.

Now if views such as these concerning the magician's power were held by the educated folk of ancient Egypt there is little to wonder at when we find that beliefs and superstitions of the most degraded character flourished with rank luxuriance among the peasants and working classes of that country, who failed to understand the symbolism of the elaborate ceremonies which were performed in the temples, and who were too ignorant to distinguish the spiritual conceptions which lay at their root--to meet the religious needs of such people the magician, and in later times the priest, found it necessary to provide pageants and ceremonies which appealed chiefly to the senses, and following their example, unscrupulous but clever men took advantage of the ignorance of the general public and pretended to knowledge of the supernatural, and laid claim to the possession of power over gods, and spirits, and demons. Such false knowledge and power they sold for money, and for purposes of gain the so-called magician was ready to further any sordid transaction or wicked scheme
which his dupe wished to carry out.

This magic degenerated into sorcery, and demonology, and wit craft, and those who dealt in it were regarded as associates of the Devil, and servants of the powers of darkness, and workers of the "black art." In the "white" and "black" magic of the Egyptians most of the magic known in the other countries of the world may be found; it is impossible yet to say exactly how much the beliefs and religious systems of other nations were influenced by them, but there is no, doubt that certain views and religious ideas of many heathen and
Christian sects may be traced directly to them. Many interesting proofs might be adduced in support of this statement, but the limits of this book will not admit of their being given here.

When we consider the lofty spiritual character of the greater part of the Egyptian religion, and remember its great antiquity, it is hard to understand why the Egyptians carefully preserved in their writings and ceremonies so much which savoured of gross and childish superstition, and which must have been the product of their predynastic or prehistoric ancestors, even during the period of their greatest intellectual enlightenment. But the fact remains that they did believe in One God Who was almighty, and eternal, and invisible, Who created the heavens, and the earth, and all beings and things therein; and in the resurrection of the body in a changed and glorified form, which would live to all eternity in the company of the spirits and souls of the righteous in a kingdom ruled by a being who was of divine origin, but who had lived upon the earth, and had suffered a cruel death at the hands of his enemies, and had risen from the dead, and had become the God and king of the world which is beyond the grave; and that, although they believed all these things and proclaimed their belief with almost passionate earnestness, they seem never to have freed themselves from a hankering after amulets and talismans, and magical names, and words of power, and seem to have trusted in these to save their
souls and bodies, both living and dead, with something of the same confidence which they placed in the death and resurrection of Osiris. A matter for surprise is that they seem to see nothing incongruous in such a mixture of magic and religion, and the general attitude of the mind of the Egyptian on the point is well illustrated by the following facts.

Attached to the service of Râ, the Sun-god, at Thebes were numerous companies of priests whose duties consisted as much in making copies of religious books and in keeping alive the "divine traditions," as in ministering to the god in their appointed seasons. The members of these companies who wrote the copies of the Book of the Dead which were buried with kings and queens and personages of royal or exalted rank declared the power and omnipotence of Almighty God, Whose visible emblem to mankind was the Sun, and His sovereignty over things celestial and things terrestrial with no uncertain voice, and we should expect them to believe what they proclaimed, i.e., that God was sufficiently powerful to protect His emblem in the sky. Yet the priests of Thebes made copies of works which contained texts to be
recited at specified hours of the day and night, and gave directions for the performance of magical ceremonies, the avowed object of such being to prevent the mythical monster Âpep from vanquishing the Sun-god. And it is stated in all seriousness that if a piece of papyrus upon which a figure of the monster has been drawn, and a wax figure of him be burnt in a fire made of a certain kind of grass, and the prescribed words be recited over them as they burn, the Sun-god will be delivered from Âpep, and that neither rain, nor cloud, nor mist shall be able to prevent his light from falling upon the earth. Moreover, the rubric describes the performance of the ceremony as a meritorious act!

E. A. WALLIS BUDGE.
LONDON,
August 28th, 1899

Egyptian Magic - Preface 1

2009-06-16T17:37:00.001+07:00

A STUDY of the remains of the native religious literature of ancient Egypt which have come down to us has revealed the fact that the belief in magic, that is to say, in the power of magical names, and spells, and enchantments, and formula, and pictures, and figures, and amulets, and in the performance of ceremonies accompanied by the utterance of words of power, to produce supernatural results, formed a large and important part of the Egyptian religion. And it is certain that, notwithstanding the continuous progress which the Egyptians made in civilization, and the high intellectual development to which they eventually attained, this belief influenced their minds and, from the earliest to the latest period of their history, shaped their views concerning things temporal as well as spiritual in a manner which, at this stage in the history of the world, is very difficult to understand. The scrupulous care with which they performed their innumerable religious ceremonies, and carried out the rules which they had formulated concerning the worship of the
divine Power or powers, and their devotion to religious magic, gained for them among the nations with whom they came in contact the reputation of being at once the most religious and the most superstitious of men. That this reputation was, on the whole, well deserved, is the object of this little book to shew.

Egyptian magic dates from the time when the predynastic and prehistoric dwellers in Egypt believed that the earth, and the underworld, and the air, and the sky were peopled with countless beings, visible and invisible, which were held to be friendly or unfriendly to man according as the operations of nature, which they were supposed to direct, were favorable or unfavorable to him. In -nature and attributes these beings were thought by primitive man to closely resemble himself and to possess all human passions, and emotions, and weaknesses, and defects; and the chief object of magic was to give man the pre-eminence over such beings.

The favor of the beings who were placable and friendly to man might be obtained by means of gifts and offerings, but the cessation of hostilities on the part of those that were implacable and unfriendly could only be obtained by wheedling, and cajolery, and flattery, or by making use of an amulet, or secret name, or magical formula, or figure, or picture which had the effect of bringing to the aid of the mortal who possessed it the power of a being that was mightier than the foe who threatened to do evil to him. The magic of most early nations aimed at causing the transference of power from a supernatural being to man, whereby he was to be enabled to obtain superhuman results and to become for a time as mighty as the original possessor of the power; but the object of Egyptian magic was to endow man with the means of compelling both friendly and hostile powers, nay, at a later time, even God Himself, to do what he wished, whether the were willing or not.

The belief in magic, the word being used in its best sense, is older in Egypt than the belief in God, and it is certain that a very large number of the Egyptian religious ceremonies, which were performed in later times as an integral part of a highly spiritual worship, had their origin in superstitious customs which date from a period when God, under any name or in any form, was unconceived in the minds of the Egyptians.

Indeed it is probable that even the use of the sign which represents an axe, and which stands the hieroglyphic character both for God and "god," indicates that this weapon and tool was employed in the performance of some ceremony connected with religious magic in prehistoric, or at any rate in predynastic times, when it in some mysterious way symbolized the presence of a supreme Power. But be this as it may, it is quite certain that magic and religion developed and flourished side by side in Egypt throughout all periods of her history, and that any investigation which we may make of the one necessarily includes an examination of the other.

Do’a Dzul faqor - Pray of Sword

2009-06-15T17:09:00.001+07:00

Do’a Dzul faqor
Subhaanaka antaallohu laailaahailla anta rohmaanurrohim
Subhaanaka antaallohu laaillahailla antassalamul mu’minu
Subhanaka antaallohu laaillahailla antal muhaimiul azizu
Subhaanaka antallohu mushowwirul hakimu

Subhaanaka antallohu laaillaahailla anta sami’ul aliimu
Subhaanaaka antallohu laailaahailla antal bashiirussodiqu
Subhaanaka antallohu laailaahailla anta ‘allamulguyubi
Subhaanaka antallohu laaillahailaa khosliqul barii
Subhaanaaka antallohu laailaahaillaa anta rozzakurozzaku
Subhaanaka anta allohu laailaahailla anta lam yalid walam yulad walam yakun laahu kufuwan ahad

Subhaanakaa fastajib liiwanajjinii minnal karbi walghommi wakadzaalika nunjil muminina wazakariya wayahyaa idznaa daarobbahu robbi laatadzarnii fardan wa anta khoirul warisyin.

Subhaanaka robbika robbil izzati amma yasiffuwna wasalamun ‘aalaalmursaaliina wal hamdulilahirobbil alaamin

The Manuscript of Hizib Hikmah

2009-06-15T17:06:00.000+07:00

Hizib Hikmah
Tawassul first.
Read al-fatihah

And read this :
Yaa allohu yaa hayyu yaa qoyyuumu yaa ‘azhiimu yaa robbal ‘aalaminina 13x.
Qoyyumun yarzuku man yasya ulquwwata 13x.ilaahi anta maqshuudi waridhooka mathluubi 13x.wa ufawidhu amrii ilaloohi 13x

Hizib hikmah diwiridkan selama 7 hari Tanpa puasa.
Dan waktu membaca bebas akan lebih baik jika tengah malam,dikamar yang belum pernah dimasuki orang lain atau ditempat yang bersih dan suci.pakaianpun harus bersih dan siramkan wangi-wangian.

Tempat membaca hizib harus tetap tidak boleh berpindah-pindah,dan waktunya juga harus sama..misalnya kemarin jam 12 malam maka besok-besokpun harus jam 12 malam.

Setelah selesai mengamalkan,cukup baca setelah shalat shubuh dan maghrib…
Yaa allohu yaa hayyu yaa qoyyuumu yaa ‘azhiimu yaa robbal ‘aalaminina 3x.
Qoyyumun yarzuku man yasya ulquwwata 3x.ilaahi anta maqshuudi waridhooka mathluubi 3x.wa ufawidhu amrii ilaloohi 3x

Hizib Hikmah
-Untuk mengobati kesurupan
-Kekebalan
-Keselamatan
-pembacaan serta niat ditujukan untuk apa pasti akan berhasil….

The Manuscript of Hizib Nashr ( Angel of Helper)

2009-06-15T17:02:00.000+07:00

Hizib Nashr
Allohumma bisathwati jabaruuti qohrika wa bisur’ati ighosyati nashrika wa bighiirotika lintihaaki huruumatika wa bihimaayatika limanihtamaa bi aayaatika nas aluka yaa alloohu yaa samii’u yaa qoriibu yaa mujiibu yaa sarii’u yaa muntaqimu yaa syadiidal bathsyi yaa jabbaru yaa qohaaru yaa man laa yu’jizuhuu qohrul jabbabirati walaaya’zhumu ‘alaihi halaakul mutamariddati minal muluuki wal akaasiroti an taj’ala kaida man kadaanii fii nahrihii wa makro man makaaronii ‘aa idan ‘alaihi wa hufrata man hafarolii waaqi’an fiihaa yaa alloohu yaa aloohu yaa alloohu waman nashaba lii sabakatal khidaa’I ij’alhu yaa sayyidi musaaqon ilaihaa waa mushodan fiihaa wa asiironladaihaa.

Allohumma bihaqqi kaaf haa yaa ‘aiin shood ikfinaa hammal’ida walaqqihimur ridaa waj’alhum likulli habiibin fidaa wa sallith ‘alaihim ‘aajilan niqmati fil yaumi waghoodaa 3x

Alloohuma baddid syamlahum
Aloohumma farriq jam’ahum
Alloohuma Alil ‘adadahum
Aloohumaj’alid daa irota ‘alaihim
Aloohuma aushilil adzaaba ilaihim
Aloohuma akhrijum ‘an daa irotil hilmi waslubhum madadal imhaali wa ghulla aidiiyahum wa arjulahum warbuth ‘alaa quluubihim wa laa tubalighuumumul amaali.

Alloohuma mazziqhum kulla mumazzaqin mazzaqtahuu min a’daa ika intisooron liianbiyaika warusulika wa auliyaa ika.alloohumantashirlanantishorooka li-ahbaabika ‘alaa a’daa ika 3x

Alloohuma laa tumakkinil a’daa a fiinaa wa laa tusallithum ‘alainabidzunuubinaa 3x

Haa miim haa miim haa miim haa miim haa miim haa miim haa miim hummal amru wajaa an nashru fa alainaa laayunshorun.haa miim aiin siin qoof himaayatuuna mimmaa nakhofu.
Aloohumma qinaa syarol aswaa a walaa taj’alnaa mahallan lilbalwaa aloohuma thiina amalarojaa I wa fauqal amali yaahuu yaahuu yaahuu yaa man bifadhlihii lifadhlihii nas alukal ‘ajalal ‘ajal ilaahil ijaabatal ijaabat yaa man ajaaba nuuhan fii qoumihii wayaaman nashoro ibroohiima ‘alaa a’daa ihii wayaa man roddayuusufa ‘alaa ya ‘quuba yaa man kasyafa dhuro ayyuba yaa man ajaaba da’wata zakariyya yaa man qobila tasbiiha yuunusabni mataa nas aluka bi-asroori haadzihidda’awaati an tataqobbala maa bihii da’aunaaka wa an tu’thiyanaa maa sa alnaaka anjiz lanaa wa’dakal ladzii wa’adtahuu lii ibadikal mu’miniina laa ilaa hailaa anta aamaalunaa wa izzatika illaa minka wakhoba rojaa unna wahaqqika ulaa fiika in abtho at ghorootul arhaam.

Wabta’adat fa aqrobusy syai I minnaa ghoorotulloohi yaa ghoorotallohi jiddus-sairi musri’atan fii halii uqdaatinaa yaa ghoorotaloohi ‘adatil ‘aaduuna wajaaruu warojaunalloha mujiiron wakafaa billahii waliyyan wakafa bilaahii nashiron wahasbunalohu wani’mal wakiilu walaa haula walaa quwatta ilaa bilaahil ‘aliyyil ‘azhiim.

Salaamun ‘alaa nuuhin qoumil ladziina aholammu wal-hamdu lillahii robbil alaamin.
Washolaalohuu ‘alaa syaidinaa muhammadin wa’alaa aalihii washohbihii wasalam.aamin

Mantra Asma Ashoo Musa

2009-06-15T02:35:00.000+07:00

Asma ashoo musa

Fayukhin
Faadikhin
Qoyummin
Qoodirin
Syalyukhin
Syalikhin
Dayuumin
Shoolihin
Nuurin
Shoodiqin
Arsykhin
Syalyuukhin
Syaalikhin
Naarin
Mayuukhin
Yaadikhin
Syamikhin
A’zhimin
Rohman
Qoodirin
Nuukhin
Kaluusyin
Aahin
Yaayuuhin
Syaahin
Syaluusyin
Rohdakhin
Syaroohiyah
Syaruusyin
Syuusin
‘aalin
‘aliyyin
Qowiyyin
Nadaa
Kabiiron

Mantra Asma Al’qomar

2009-06-15T02:31:00.001+07:00

Asma Al’qomar

Laayaakhimin
Laayaalagwin
Laayaafawrin
Laayaarutsin
Laayaarugin
Laayaaruusyin
Liyaasyalisyin

Mantra Asma Ashaabul kahfi

2009-06-15T02:28:00.001+07:00

Asma Ashaabul kahfi

Yamlikhoo
Maksyaliinaa
Masy-liina
Marnuusy
Dabarnuusy
Syaadzanuusy
Kafsyathothoyusy
Qithmir

The Power Of Asma Aiydil - Supernatural

2009-06-15T02:19:00.003+07:00

Asma Aiydil
Waidza Bathostum-bathostum Jabbarina inna batsya robbikalasyadid,quwata aiydil hadid laa haula wala quwatta illa billahil aliyil adhiim.
Baca 40x setiap habis shalat.
Puasakan Selama 3 hari.

Di dzikirkan Ketika Ingin Membuka pukulan Sekali Jiplak langsung gosong…
Efeknya nanti didaerah tangan akan terasa panas sekali…..
Lakukan Shalat hajad dengan do’a/hajat untuk penyelarasan.
Jika terkena pukulan ini kulit akan lebam hitam seperti terbakar atau terkena racun obatnya dengan susu sapi alami dioleskan ke kulit secara rutin.

Memukul Dari Jarak Jauh cukup tarik nafas,afirmasikan kekuatan dan lakukan.
Sebaiknya latihan dulu menjatuhkan sebuah benda di atas meja.

Laksana Pukulan Besi,dapat menghancurkan apa saja.
Cukup dibacakan 52 kali dan hafalkan 1-6 surat al hadid.
“Sesungguhnya orang yang hafal ayat-ayat al-qur’an akan beserta para malaikat”

The Secrets Of Zodiac Marriage

2009-06-15T01:57:00.003+07:00

Capricorn - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T01:38:00.004+07:00

Clothes that smack of opulence and status do it for Capricorn. Classic labels and subtle lines make a smooth impression. Anything of lasting value will be appreciated.

Understated classy items that spell class and wealth suit Capricorn down to the ground.

Remember Capricorn rules the skin, so soft fabrics that skim the skin and fall naturally around the body work well. Anything that oozes professionalism for daytime and sophistication for nighttime has to be right.

Candles, Materials & clothing in warm autumnal tones with a sheer sheen suit Capricorn. Also rich colours like Purples & Deep Blue work well.

Try Dior Addict, Eau de parfum: Deep Blue packaging containing an independent refreshing scent that characterises a person who has leadership qualities & suffers no nonsense.

Miracle by Lancome means business: there's no messing with this one!

Essential Oil for Capricorn is Vetivert: It's grounding & soothing, nourishing mind, body & spirit. A great unwind oil for all workaholics! Look for products containing Vetivert.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystal: Diamond, or Jet
Magic Mascot Motif: Shark's Teeth!
Flowers: Carnation

Sagittarius - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T01:34:00.003+07:00

Sagittarius is easy enough to kit out! Open-minded Sagittarians loves the whole buzz and adventure of fashion and shopping. They are easily seduced by diverse items on the rack, and tend to go for mad-cap styles and colours.

Clothing that captures the imagination and has a story behind it suits the Zodiac Archer.

Ethnic items from foreign shores linking to diverse cultures allow Sagittarius to carry off unusual ideas and looks.

Combat gear is great for Casual wear, along with anything that suggests Sagittarius is well-travelled or 'up-for-it'.

Sagittarius is not afraid to push out the boundaries and stretch the imagination. Anything goes really, so long as it excites the wearer and reflects an authentic style.

Material & clothing in oranges & peach.
Vibrant colours and exotic fabrics work well. Also any item that reflects Sagittarian spontaneity and sense of humour hits the spot.

Try Mont Blanc Presence d'une Femme EDT, a scent that has instant appeal & fruity zest.
Also Clarins Eau Dynamisante which is fresh & spirited without being too heady!

Sporty Scents, possibly 'Tommy' for the guys.

Essential Oil for Sagittarius is Black Pepper: it's strong & straight to the point: no messing! Great for Sagittarians with Jet Lag.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystal: Turquoise
Magic Mascot Motif: Horseshoe, Unicorn
Flowers: Dandelion

Scorpio - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T01:29:00.002+07:00

Scorpio is easy to please if you have the budget. Like Taurus, its Polar opposite, anything sensual & expensive will impress. To be honest it doesn't have to be too pricey, so long as it's sexy it will work on Scorpio. Of course Scorpio style doesn't have to be overt or unsubtle. It just has to make a point and make the wearer feel like a million dollars.

The obvious choice is lingerie or under wear. But any item of clothing that makes Scorpio feel sexy works on this up-front Zodiac sign. Scorpio likes role play and needs to look the part, so is very good at dressing appropriately for a given occasion. Scorpio choices make a statement and outshine the rest.

Silk and camisoles, leather and lace all hit the spot. Even with daywear
Scorpio can get away with items most of us wouldn't dare wear outside of the bedroom. Under Scorpio's work gear, there is bound to be something that passes as evening attire once the work shirt comes off.

Generally Scorpio goes out and about prepared for all eventualities, so not much looks out of place on this sign that can get away with just about anything.

Materials & clothing in spiritual & sexual colours Pinks, Purples, Indigos & Black. Cater to individual taste of course. But sensual, suggestive items always go down well.

Space. NK, EDT: an innovative scent that gives an air of being in control.
Scorpios need to make a point! So Davidoff Cool Water Woman is a watery, powerful statement for a dramatic professional entrance!
Exotic, seductive scents like Poison and Samsara hit the spot in the evening.

Essential Oil for Scorpio is Patchouli: it's relaxing, sensual & soothing. This oil eases depression, which is always handy for Scorpios who get the blues. Look for products containing Patchouli.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystals: Topaz or Bloodstone
Magic Mascot Motif: Bear, Eagle, Phoenix
Flowers: Chrysanthemum

Libra - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T01:25:00.001+07:00

Libra appreciates elegance. New clothes are good, especially anything with a top-notch designer label. Second hand or as new clothing does not usually sit right on Libra, though occasionally a tasteful antique speaks volumes.

Libra has a great sense of humour, so may sometimes go for quirky, flirty styles. Cheeky skirts and shirts in unusual colours and light fabrics sit right. Heavy clothing is a nuisance, so in winter Libra should stick to Cashmere and mohair woollens. Tea dresses and pastel cardigans look lovely in the summer.

Materials & clothing in Pale Mauve, lilacs, pastels & all shades of pink work on Libra female.

Arden Beauty will restore Libran balance.
Rochas Absolu, Eau de Parfum is a warm, cosy fragrance that makes a Libran feel accepted and at home.

Essential Oil for Libra is Geranium: this oil if balancing & restores your equilibrium. Great for the hormones & the skin too. Look for products containing Geranium.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystal: Lapis Lazuli, or Opal
Magic Mascot Motif: Lizard, Scales
Flowers: Foxglove

Virgo - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T01:19:00.004+07:00

Modest styles that are not too flash or embarrassing go down well with Virgo. Self expression tends to be understated but nonetheless sexy. Think Earth mother or nature goddess and you won't go far wrong.

Virgos like to make a subtle impression, one that you won't forget, so any style that honours their powerful, but discreet identity will be appreciated. Virgo opts for understated glamour that gets people talking, but which preserves mystery and privacy.

It is often overlooked that Virgo is not quite the staid careful sign we all assume. Underneath that sharp business suit Virgo is probably sporting a sexy negligee that leaves little to the imagination. Appearances can be deceiving!

Materials & clothing in Moss, Terracotta, Bronze, plus Mulberry or Rich Berry colours suit Virgo.

Tommy Hilfiger T girl EDT: feminine, pretty, and not too 'in your face!'
Paris by Yves Saint Laurent is romantic and distinctive.

Essential Oil for Virgo is Lavender: Its calming, soothing & a great de-stresser…Just what the doctor ordered! Look for products containing Lavender.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystal: Carnelian
Magic Mascot Motif: Shamrock
Flowers: Crocus

Leo - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T01:12:00.003+07:00

Leo is easy to shop for if you're loaded! This Zodiac sign loves Gold, Frankinsense & Myrrh. Anything that smacks of opulence, luxury or grandeur will hit the spot. If you can afford gold jewellery or ornaments, all the better!

Classy or monogrammed items work well. So Brown Thomas or Harrods vouchers if you can't decide what to buy will be appreciated.

Regal items & rich colours provide a useful backdrop for the Queenly Lion. Illusions of riches may be tempting if you're skint. But Leo can distinguish between tat and the real thing. So you will have to scrimp & save to treat the Lion!

Remember Leo is all heart too, so any outfit that speaks volumes and taps into a quality emotional wins over this Sun sign.

Garments suggestive of sunny climes work well. Motifs and colours containing lion or sun imagery are appropriate for Leo. Clothing does not have to be subtle but it does have to be tasteful.

Materials & clothing in all the colours of the Sun.
Pink makes Leo woman mischievous and playful.
Clothing that emphasizes status in rich regal blues & purples. Leo is glam & extrovert: anything in Red really suits.
Flamboyant glittering styles in Gold, or Black sequined eveningwear suit Leo.

Try Naomi Campbell's perfume. This scent combines heady, spicy red pepper with Chinese Star Anise.
Also Gucci Eau de Parfum is guaranteed to attract lots of attention to the wearer.
Decadent perfumes like Opium titillate the taste buds, as do most scents with Red or Regal names & packaging.

Men like Ralph Lauren or designer perfumes that make them feel loud & proud!

Essential Oil for Leo is Jasmine the King of the oils! Jasmine oil is an energizer that eases depression. Look for products containing Jasmine.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystal: Amber and Gold
Magic Mascot Motif: Cat, Lion, Sun
Flowers: Sunflower

Cancer - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T01:06:00.003+07:00

Cancer enjoys antiques and anything of historical interest, so styles that are modern with a hint of times gone by are just perfect. Cancer does not like old mouldy, fusty items worn aeons ago, so second hand goods are out unless they are very well preserved. This sign loves a fashion story that is romantic, floaty and steeped in antiquity. Empire line dresses and discrete bodices work well: restrictive suits don't!

Cancer does not like anything too formal, and is quite likely to bend the rules in professional settings. Uniforms are too staid, and boring, so Cancer will lift the look with a tasteful piece of jewellery or scarf.

Cancer won't wear what everyone else is wearing and does not seek to follow the pack, or the latest seasonal trend. This individual Zodiac sign also hates anyone copying their personal style. Cancer will often go out of the way to find one-off classics or will get an item tailor made to their specifications to avoid any repetition.

Colours that reflect the ocean deep and watery qualities make Cancer feel at home. Purples and lilacs also work well for this spiritual sensitive sign.
Also clothing in Blues, Turquoise or 40 shades of Green work well.

If money is no object pearls and silver will make an impression. Also delicate jewellery will buy you many favours. But not in Gold, unless it's made in White Gold or Platinum.

Materials & clothing in watery Blues & Greens, Lilacs & Silver produce the Mermaid look.

Virgin Vie Eau So Delicate, EDT: a floral fragrance that satisfies & is emotionally reassuring.
Any scent that acts as a reminder has special significance for Cancer.
Givenchy's Very Irresistible is romantic, sensual, and holds the promise of things to come.

Essential Oil for Cancer is Camomile: it's protective, reassuring, & nurtures the nurturer of the Zodiac. Look for products containing Camomile.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystals: Pearls
Magic Mascot Motif: Buddah, Elephants, Fountains & water features
Flowers: Water lily or Lilies

Gemini - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T00:58:00.003+07:00

Gemini needs constant stimulation or the boredom sets in. Jazzy, busy fabrics and styles are cute on Gemini. This Air sign needs a talking point, so any item that makes an impression and expresses personality works well.

Gemini rules the lungs, so this Zodiac sign needs room to breathe. Clothes which restrict movement are not a good idea. Ditch the corsets and stick to floaty chiffon. Airy, spacious clothes cut imaginatively suit Gemini down to the ground.

Candles, Materials & clothing in Quartz Green, Silver, Pale Yellow, Florals, Prints & Stripes suit Gemini.

Angel by Thierry Mugler contains many possibilities and takes a while to get the measure of, very Gemini, so!
Ghost Deepest Night, Eau de Parfum is a real party girl pong!

Essential Oil for Gemini is Basil: it stimulates the mind & assists an alert mental state. Basil is also useful to combat lung infections & asthma as an inhalant. Look for products containing Basil.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystal: Agate
Magic Mascot Motif: Pyramids, Fairies
Flowers: Lavender

Taurus - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-15T00:53:00.003+07:00

Taurus loves earthy looks and materials, but really any quality item hits the spot. Ruled by Venus, being well turned out is a treasured priority for the sign that requires the best of everything. Rich sumptuous fabrics and deeply regal or earthy colours are favourites. Anything that smacks of luxury is sure to please Taurus.

Taurus is quite conservative and cannot cope with anything too mad. Styles that challenge the eye, or which are too 'busy' don't sit right on the Zodiac Bull. This Zodiac sign has to feel comfortable in order to feel formidable. Clothes are a second skin and so materials must be cool in the summer and well insulated in the winter. Practical Taurus will not suffer discomfort in order to look good.

Materials & clothing in tans, beige, camel, earthy colours but especially browns. Also Rose & some Greens to give a splash of colour.

Remember when choosing fabrics that Taurus responds to anything 'Touchy Feely'.

Aromatics Elixir by Clinique works well and lasts the pace required by busy Taurus: it's durable and sensible, just like the Zodiac Bull!
J'Adore by Christian Dior, Eau de parfum is sensual, desirable and brave enough to follow through and deliver the goods: great for seductive evenings, so!

Essential Oil for Taurus is Rose: It's expensive but worth it for a sensual massage straight from heaven! Look for products containing Rose.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystal: Emerald, Coral
Magic Mascot Motif: Dove, Bull
Flowers: Lily of the Valley

Preksha Meditation-Kayotsarga

2009-06-14T10:42:00.000+07:00

The first step of meditation is Kayotsarga, that is relaxation with self-awareness. Keep your body steady, relaxed and free from tension. Keep your spine and neck straight but without stiffness. Relax all the muscles of your body. Let your body become limp.

Practice steadiness of body at least for five minutes. Keep your body completely steady, as motionless as a statue. Do not allow the limbs of your body to move. No movement at all.

Kayotsarga has two implications--complete relaxation of the body and self-awareness. For achieving complete relaxation of the body, mentally divide it into several parts and concentrate your mind on each part of the body one by one, from feet to head. Allow your mind to spread in the whole part--allow it to undertake a trip in the whole part; use the technique of auto-suggestion to relax the whole part and experience the resulting relaxation. Experience that each and every muscle, each and every nerve has become relaxed. And in the same way attain, the relaxation of the whole body. Use deep concentration and remain completely alert. Practice Kayotsarga.

Detailed Instructions for Relaxation:

Starting with the big toe of your right foot, concentrate your mind on it. Allow your mind to spread throughout the big toe. Suggest to the muscles and nerves to relax. Relax..... Relax..... Relax.....Experience that they are relaxing. Experience that they have become relaxed. In the same way, attain relaxation of the other parts of the right limb--the other toes, sole, heel, ankle, upper part of the foot, calf-muscles, knee, thigh, upto the hip-joint. In the same way relax the left limb upto the hip-joint. Experience that the whole of the lower portion of the body has become completely relaxed.

Now achieve the relaxation of the middle portion of the body from the waist upto the neck. Concentrate your mind on each part one by one starting with the lower abdomen, relax the front, the back, the right side, the left side, the outside and the inside of your lower abdomen. Similarly relax the upper abdomen-- the front, the back, the right side, the left side, the outside and the inside of your upper abdomen. Now through your navel enter the abdominal cavity and relax the large intestine, the small intestine, the kidneys, the spleen, the liver, the pancreas, the stomach and the diaphragm. Use autosuggestion and achieve relaxation. Then concentrate your mind on the chest and relax the entire rib-cage. Beginning with the lowest rib, relax each and every rib in turn. Relax the front ribs, the back ribs, the right ribs and the left ribs. Now enter the chest and relax the right lung, the left lung and the heart by auto-suggestion. (Those who have got any heart trouble should pause here for a few minutes and by auto-suggestion slow down the heart to remove stress.)

Now achieve the relaxation of the neck muscles in the front and in the back. Then concentrate your mind on both the hands and arms one by one; starting from the thumb, relax the fingers, the palm, the wrist, the lower arm, the elbow, the upper arm and the shoulder. Experience that the whole of the middle portion of your body has become completely relaxed.

Now achieve the relaxation of the upper portion of body from throat upto the head. Here we have come to a bit more difficult part of the exercise. So far you were relaxing large muscles which respond quickly to your suggestion. But now we have to relax a large number of small and tiny muscles which are difficult to relax. First unclench your teeth and unlock your jaws and let your tongue go limp. Keep your lips softly closed. Now relax all the facial muscles; beginning with the chin, relax the lips, the inner portion of the mouth including the teeth, the gums, the palate and the tongue; then relax the cheeks, the nose, the ears and the temples, both the eyes, the forehead and the scalp, through auto-suggestion. Experience that the whole of your upper portion of the body has become completely relaxed.

Again allow your mind to travel from the head upto the feet and from the feet upto the head; this time rather quickly and see that there is no tension anywhere in the body. Experience that the whole body from the feet upto the head has become completely relaxed. Maintain the posture of Kayotsarga throughout the meditation session. Try to keep your body completely steady and motionless.

Now practice inner silence at least for five minutes through relaxation of the vocal cords (voice box). Concentrate your mind on the voice box inside the throat and completely relax it. Observe complete inner silence. There should be no vibrations in the voice box.

About the author: ACHARYA MAHAPRAGYA 10th acharya of terapanth.For More articles Visit our site- http://www.articlesworld.com
Author: ACHARYA MAHAPRAGYA

Chinese Astrology

2009-06-14T10:12:00.000+07:00

The tradition of analysis what lies in the future has been an ancient attraction. This is where the Chinese Astrology comes in to the scene. Be it the future or love compatibility, Chinese Astrology has the power to give answers to all your future related queries.

Chinese Astrology is based on Yin Yang and Five Basic Elements including Metal, Water, Wood, Fire and Earth. These five elements together make up any living being and the future of these living beings can also be predicted analyzing these elements in the Chinese Astrology. All the five elements represent five planets, like Metal represents Venus, Wood represents Jupiter, Water represents Mercury, Fire represents Mars and Earth represents Saturn.

In the Chinese Astrology there is a 12-year cycle, with each year being denoted to an animal. The first in this cycle comes the Rat, then the Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Ram, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and finally the Pig. Depending upon your birth year, you can easily make out to which animal year you belong. Once you know you belong to which animal year, you can further explore your Chinese Horoscope.

So, come and see what lies in store for you in future by reading our Chinese Horoscopes 2009.

Aries - Astro Style Guide

2009-06-14T09:06:00.003+07:00

What colours or style, what scents and even what jewellery suits you according to our horoscope guru Sarah Delamere Hurding.
by Sarah Delamere Hurding

Aries favours anything fast, hot and furious, so red flaming-coloured clothing always goes down a treat. Being a sporty sign, caps, athletic clothing and exercise gear also suits Aries.

If you want to impress an Aries female with a gift, a diamond choker or ring does the trick. Alternatively, anything that honours the unique Arian nature shows care and aforethought. An aries female has a very definite idea about what they want. She is truly an investment, you might say!

The Buzz word for Aries is 'I am', so Aries likes to make a statement. The latest fad or craze tends to fall flat, unless Aries has set the trend in the first place!

Materials & clothing in red or gold.
Blue is a colour which attracts professional opportunities for Aries.
Fiery Orange is a rampant aphrodisiac: Can you handle it?

Always look for sophisticated classic styles with regard to women's clothing. Designer labels impress the men, if you can afford them. For women, red mixed with different shades of pink or black works well.

Aires women prefer perfumes with strong definite classy smells re perfume Chanel no 5 or Tweed for the older generation is a safe bet. Try Gucci Rush 2 for the madam in your life.

Men like sporty, no nonsense after-shaves: they don't want to smell like a woman, no dice!

Essential Oil for Aries is warming Rosemary, great for easing headaches & congestion. Look for products containing Rosemary.

Jewellery using Zodiac crystal: Ruby
Magic Mascot Motif: Ram, Tiger
Flowers: Honeysuckle

Gemini Love Compatibility

2009-06-14T09:02:00.002+07:00

Gemini and Aries
Gemini love compatibility with Aries is a delightful union. Both are dynamic and versatile in nature and go well with each other.

Gemini and Taurus
Gemini and Taurus make up a bad match. Gemini loves changes, while Taurus hates to change his ways as per the changes made by the Gemini.

Gemini and Gemini
Great souls blending together is what one can say about a Gemini and Gemini love relationship. Both are going to have a good married life together.

Gemini and Cancer
Together Gemini and Cancer make up a very emotional match. Cancer might get disturbed with Gemini’s constant movements and instability.

Gemini and Leo
Gemini love compatibility with Leo is one of the good matches. They both have a strong desire for passion and emotions.

Gemini and Virgo
Gemini and Virgo is an average match. Their relationship can or cannot work well, due to the clash of their personality traits.

Gemini and Libra
Intellectually made for each other, Gemini and Libra can live a happy married life. Though their sex life will be little boring, they will share great warmth between them.

Gemini and Scorpio
Gemini love compatibility with Scorpio is a good combination. Scorpio knows how to please the doubtful and suspecting Gemini.

Gemini and Sagittarius
Truly made for each other, Gemini and Sagittarius has almost nothing in common, yet their love relationship simply rocks.

Gemini and Capricorn
Having different sexuality, Gemini and Capricorn might be attracted to each other in the beginning but won’t gel together for long.

Gemini and Aquarius
Considered as one of the passionate love matches, Gemini and Aquarius are said to be the masters in coordinating with each other in their love life.

Gemini and Pisces
Gemini love compatibility with Pisces is a passionate affair. They will be good as lovers rather than as a married couple.

Aries Love Compatibility

2009-06-14T09:00:00.001+07:00

Aries and Aries
Aries Love compatibility with another Aries is a complicating one, in which both try to dominate each other. Sexually, Aries woman will dominate, otherwise the Aries man dominates in an Aries and Aries match.

Aries and Taurus
Aries and Taurus together make up a very sensual match according to astrology. Aries appreciates Taurus’s dependability, while Taurus likes Aries fun loving nature in this love compatibility.

Aries and Gemini
Aries love compatibility with a Gemini is considered to be one of the most cherished companions. Aries tend to dominate the Gemini appreciating Gemini’s ingenious and versatile nature in this love match.

Aries and Cancer

Aries and Cancer together make up a not so good match. Cancer is not able to adapt to Aries carefree attitude, while the Aries minds Cancer’s too careful attitude hard to handle and their relationship begins to fall apart.

Aries and Leo
Aries love compatibility with a Leo is one of the most aggressive partnerships. Both are unable to adapt to each other’s ego. Aries will try to flatter the Leo however; will fail to please the Leo who looks for constant admiration.

Aries and Virgo
Aries and Virgo is also one of the not so liked partnerships. Both Aries and Virgo are of different nature, Aries like making new plans, while the Virgo hates making changes. Though Aries succeed to please the shy Virgo, their relationship doesn’t last for long according to astrology.

Aries and Libra
Aries love compatibility with Libra is one of the most successful partnerships. Both these sun signs are attracted to each other. Sexuality between the two sun signs is passionate in this love compatibility.

Aries and Scorpio
Aries and Scorpio together form a balanced match. Both these sun signs are high in energy and sexually very passionate. There are high chances of both these signs to have disagreements in a long-term relationship.

Aries and Sagittarius
Aries and Sagittarius make up an ideal match for each other. Both these sun signs are active and spontaneous. They share a great mutual understanding and have the best potential to have a peaceful and loving relationship.

Aries and Capricorn
If there is one sun sign that is least compatible with an Aries person then it is Capricorn. Both these people are totally different in views and likings. Capricorn is unable to adapt to the overspending habit of the Aries and problems arise in their love relationship.

Aries and Aquarius
Aries love compatibility with Aquarius is full of emotions. Aries is a dominating person, while Aquarius is a passive person. Aries succeeds in wooing the Aquarius with his or her tact and both these people have good chances of lasting their relationship.

Aries and Pisces
Aries and Pisces make a very complex love relationship. Together both these sun signs can form a stunning couple. Pisces is a shy person, while Aries is a complete extrovert and this makes the saying opposites attract come true for both these people in a love relationship.

Capricorn Love Compatibility

2009-06-14T08:53:00.004+07:00

Capricorn and Aries
Capricorn love compatiblity with Aries is not such a great compatibility. Though Aries might succeed in taking the initiative, but the Capricorn might not succeed in carrying it for long.

Capricorn and Taurus
Together Capricorn and Taurus form a very mutually compatible couple. They both are sexually very charged and encourage each other to achieve all the good things in life.

Capricorn and Gemini
According to astrology, Capricorn and Gemini are totally opposites and might attract each other for some time but their chemistry won’t be for a long-term.

Capricorn and Cancer
Capricorn and Cancer form a bad love match. Often forming an unstable love match, both these sun signs will get bored of each other very soon.

Capricorn and Leo
The love chemistry between a Capricorn and Leo is just superb. Both attract each other like magnets and are destined to live in a happy union forever.

Capricorn and Virgo
Capricorn love compatibility with Virgo is also one of the good love compatibilities. Capricorn likes Virgo’s perfection, while the Virgo likes Capricorn’s patience.

Capricorn and Libra
If there is one sun sign that doesn’t go well in a love relationship with a Capricorn, it is Libra. There will be too many personal issues between both these two people.

Capricorn and Scorpio
Capricorn and Scorpio together make a passionate and successful love couple. Capricorn likes Scorpio’s love making skills, while Scorpio loves Capricorn’s organized way of life.

Capricorn and Sagittarius
Capricorn and Sagittarius love match is not a recommended love match, as they are most likely to have an unsuccessful marriage owing to their different types of nature.

Capricorn and Capricorn
Two Capricorns together form a very exciting love match. Both are carefree and yet lead an organized life. Both understand each other and can’t stay away from each other for long.

Capricorn and Aquarius
Capricorn love compatibility with Aquarius is a balanced love match. Capricorn is dominating and Aquarius is a free spirited person and therefore they won’t stay together for a long time.

Capricorn and Pisces
Another good love chemistry is that of a Capricorn and Pisces person. They admire each other for some traits like sincerity and affection.

Aquarius Love Compatibility

2009-06-14T08:53:00.002+07:00

Aquarius and Aries
Aquarius and Aries together form disastrous love compatibility. Aquarius is too passive for the dominating Aries in this love match.

Aquarius and Taurus
According to astrology, Aquarius and Taurus form average love compatibility. Aquarius is careless, while the Taurus is passionate and this destroys much of their compatibility.

Aquarius and Gemini
Together Aquarius and Gemini form an interesting love couple. Aquarius often succeeds in changing the ways of the attractive Gemini and there is always fun between these two sun signs.

Aquarius and Cancer
Vulnerable Cancer is not the right match for the extrovert Aquarius. Both have different likings and are not going to live happily together for a long time.

Aquarius and Leo
Aquarius love compatibility with Leo have fifty fifty chances, it may work and may not work. Leo is bit dominating and this irritates the freedom loving Aquarius.

Aquarius and Virgo
Since both Aquarius and Virgo are metal sun signs, they are emotional and think pessimistically. Their love life may not have the strong spark required to make it go forever.

Aquarius and Libra
Aquarius forms a very good love match with Libra. Both understand each other so well, that often this becomes the reason for jealousy in others around them.

Aquarius and Scorpio
Aquarius and Scorpio love match is not a recommended love match. Though they are sexually charged, yet they lack mutual understanding and respect for each other.

Aquarius and Sagittarius
Together Aquarius and Sagittarius form a great love match. Both are unpredictable and optimistic towards life and have fair chances for a successful marriage.

Aquarius and Capricorn
Aquarius love compatibility with Capricorn is more towards friendship than love. Both face difficulty in facing each other’s sexual needs in this love match.

Aquarius and Aquarius
Two Aquarius together sharing a love bond is like a couple made for each other. Both share personality traits and are highly compatible with each other.

Aquarius and Pisces
Aquarius love compatibility with Pisces is often termed as bad love compatibility. Aquarius is often careless for the very sensitive Pisces.

Love Match

2009-06-14T08:48:00.002+07:00

Are you in love and planning to get tied in the nuptial knot soon? Then, wait a minute and check how your love life will be with us reading our love compatibilities. Know the future of your love life by a thing as simple as reading your love compatibility.

Whatever zodiac sign you and your partner have, you will get to know the most accurate love compatibility results with us at FreeeHoroscope.com.

Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius or Pisces, all the twelve signs have been tested by our experts to give you the most reliable love compatibilities and the best part is that all this expert advise comes to you at free of cost.

Check out whose faults, yours or your partner’s will spoil your love relationship and prepare yourself to tackle it by reading our love compatibilities.

So, what are you waiting for? Simply visit FreeeHoroscope.com and learn about the compatibility status of your love life with your partner by reading our free love compatibilities.

Chinese Love Compatibility

2009-06-14T08:44:00.000+07:00

Want to know who will be the best suitor for you in life? Then, trust the Chinese Zodiac Compatibility to know which sign will match your sign in the long run of life. Chinese Love Compatibility can be categorized into four different groups. Though each animal out of the twelve animals forming the Chinese Zodiac Signs has its own characteristics, some have similar thinking.

Deep Thinkers: Snakes, Roosters and Oxen are the animals that form the deep thinkers group. These animals admire alertness and diplomacy.

Freedom Lovers: Horses, Dogs and Tigers are the animals that form the freedom lovers group. These animals admire constant mobility and loyalty.

Peace Lovers: Rams, Pigs and Rabbits are the animals that form the peace lovers group. These are sensitive animals seeking sympathy, love and consideration.

Action Oriented: Monkeys, Dragons and Rats are the animals that form the action-oriented animals. These are intelligent and courageous animals and compliment each other.

To calculate Chinese Love Compatibility, you need to know the year of birth of the person you love. Once you know the birth year of the person you love, finding your Chinese Love Compatibility will turn out to be a child’s play. Apart from the Chinese, now the whole world trusts the Chinese Astrology for accurate love compatibility.

Listed below are Chinese Zodiac Signs and their compatibility with other signs:

* Rat compatible with Ox, Dragon and Monkey.

* Ox compatible with Rooster, Rat and Snake.

* Tiger compatible with Dog, Horse and Dragon.

* Rabbit compatible with Pig, Dog and Ram.

* Dragon compatible with Snake, Monkey, Rat and Rooster.

* Snake compatible with Ox and Rooster.

* Horse compatible with Tiger, Dog and Ram.

* Ram compatible with Pig, Horse and Rabbit.

* Monkey compatible with Rat and Dragon.

* Rooster compatible with Ox, Dragon and Snake.

* Dog compatible with Tiger, Horse and Rabbit.

* Pig compatible with Ram and Rabbit.

Who is Nostradamus?

2009-06-06T23:52:00.002+07:00

Michel de Nostredame (14 December or 21 December 1503 – 2 July 1566), usually Latinized to Nostradamus, was a French apothecary and reputed seer who published collections of prophecies that have since become famous worldwide. He is best known for his book Les Propheties ("The Prophecies"), the first edition of which appeared in 1555. Since the publication of this book, which has rarely been out of print since his death, Nostradamus has attracted an enthusiastic following that, along with the popular press, credits him with predicting many major world events.

By contrast, most academic sources maintain that the associations made between world events and Nostradamus's quatrains are largely the result of misinterpretations or mistranslations (sometimes deliberate) or else are so tenuous as to render them useless as evidence of any genuine predictive power. Moreover, none of the sources listed offers any evidence that anyone has ever interpreted any of Nostradamus's quatrains specifically enough to allow a clear identification of any event in advance.

Nevertheless, interest in the work of this prominent figure of the French Renaissance is still considerable, especially in popular culture, and the prophecies have in some cases been assimilated to the results of applying the alleged Bible code, as well as to other purported prophetic works.

Childhood

Born on 14 or 21 December 1503[1] in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in the south of France, where his claimed birthplace still exists, Michel de Nostredame was one of at least nine children of Reynière de St-Rémy and grain dealer and notary Jaume de Nostredame. The latter's family had originally been Jewish, but Jaume's father, Guy Gassonet, had converted to Catholicism around 1455, taking the Christian name "Pierre" and the surname "Nostredame" (the latter apparently from the saint's day on which his conversion was solemnized).[3] Michel's known siblings included Delphine, Jehan (c. 1507–77), Pierre, Hector, Louis (born in 1522), Bertrand, Jean (born 1522) and Antoine (born in 1523).[3][4][2] Little else is known about his childhood, although there is a persistent tradition that he was educated by his maternal great-grandfather Jean de St. Rémy[5] — a tradition which is somewhat vitiated by the fact that the latter disappears from the historical record after 1504, when the child was only one year old.[6]

Student years

At the age of fifteen the young Nostredame entered the University of Avignon to study for his baccalaureate. After little more than a year (when he would have studied the regular trivium of grammar, rhetoric and logic, rather than the later quadrivium of geometry, arithmetic, music and astronomy/astrology), he was forced to leave Avignon when the university closed its doors in the face of an outbreak of the plague. After leaving Avignon, Nostredame (according to his own account) traveled the countryside for eight years from 1521 researching herbal remedies. In 1529, after some years as an apothecary, he entered the University of Montpellier to study for a doctorate in medicine. He was expelled shortly afterward when it was discovered that he had been an apothecary, a "manual trade" expressly banned by the university statutes.[7] The expulsion document (BIU Montpellier, Register S 2 folio 87) still exists in the faculty library.[2] However, some of his publishers and correspondents would later call him "Doctor". After his expulsion, Nostredame continued working, presumably still as an apothecary, and became famous for creating a "rose pill" that supposedly protected against the plague.[8]

[edit] Marriage and healing work

In 1531 Nostredame was invited by Jules-César Scaliger, a leading Renaissance scholar, to come to Agen.[3] There he married a woman of uncertain name (possibly Henriette d'Encausse), who bore him two children.[9] In 1534 his wife and children died, presumably from the Plague. After their deaths, he continued to travel, passing through France and possibly Italy.[3]
Nostradamus's house at Salon-de-Provence.

On his return in 1545, he assisted the prominent physician Louis Serre in his fight against a major plague outbreak in Marseille, and then tackled further outbreaks of disease on his own in Salon-de-Provence and in the regional capital, Aix-en-Provence. Finally, in 1547, he settled in Salon-de-Provence in the house which exists today, where he married a rich widow named Anne Ponsarde, with whom he had six children — three daughters and three sons.[3] Between 1556 and 1567 he and his wife acquired a one-thirteenth share in a huge canal project organized by Adam de Craponne to irrigate largely waterless Salon-de-Provence and the nearby Désert de la Crau from the river Durance.[6]

[edit] Seer

After another visit to Italy, Nostredame began to move away from medicine and toward the occult. Following popular trends, he wrote an almanac for 1550, for the first time Latinizing his name from Nostredame to Nostradamus. He was so encouraged by the almanac's success that he decided to write one or more annually. Taken together, they are known to have contained at least 6,338 prophecies,[10][2] as well as at least eleven annual calendars, all of them starting on 1 January and not, as is sometimes supposed, in March. It was mainly in response to the almanacs that the nobility and other prominent persons from far away soon started asking for horoscopes and "psychic" advice from him, though he generally expected his clients to supply the birth charts on which these would be based, rather than calculating them himself as a professional astrologer would have done. When obliged to attempt this himself on the basis of the published tables of the day, he always made numerous errors, and never adjusted the figures for his clients' place or time of birth.[6][4] (Refer to the analysis of these charts by Brind'Amour, 1993, and compare Gruber's comprehensive critique of Nostradamus’ horoscope for Crown Prince Rudolph Maximilian.)[11]

He then began his project of writing a book of one thousand mainly French quatrains[12], which constitute the largely undated prophecies for which he is most famous today. Feeling vulnerable to religious fanatics,[2] however, he devised a method of obscuring his meaning by using "Virgilianized" syntax, word games and a mixture of other languages such as Greek, Italian, Latin, and Provençal.[2] For technical reasons connected with their publication in three installments (the publisher of the third and last installment seems to have been unwilling to start it in the middle of a "Century," or book of 100 verses), the last fifty-eight quatrains of the seventh "Century" have not survived into any extant edition.

The quatrains, published in a book titled Les Propheties (The Prophecies), received a mixed reaction when they were published. Some people thought Nostradamus was a servant of evil, a fake, or insane, while many of the elite thought his quatrains were spiritually inspired prophecies — as, in the light of their post-Biblical sources (see under Nostradamus's sources below), Nostradamus himself was indeed prone to claim. Catherine de Médicis, the queen consort of King Henri II of France, was one of Nostradamus's greatest admirers. After reading his almanacs for 1555, which hinted at unnamed threats to the royal family, she summoned him to Paris to explain them and to draw up horoscopes for her children. At the time, he feared that he would be beheaded, but by the time of his death in 1566, Catherine had made him Counselor and Physician-in-Ordinary to the King.

Some accounts of Nostradamus's life state that he was afraid of being persecuted for heresy by the Inquisition, but neither prophecy nor astrology fell in this bracket, and he would have been in danger only if he had practiced magic to support them. In fact, his relationship with the Church as a prophet and healer was excellent. His brief imprisonment at Marignane in late 1561 came about purely because he had published his 1562 almanac without the prior permission of a bishop, contrary to a recent royal decree.[13]

Final years and death
Nostradamus's tomb in the Collégiale St-Laurent, Salon.

By 1566, Nostradamus's gout, which had plagued him painfully for many years and made movement very difficult, turned into oedema, or dropsy. In late June he summoned his lawyer to draw up an extensive will bequeathing his property plus 3,444 crowns (around $300,000 US today) — minus a few debts — to his wife pending her remarriage, in trust for her sons pending their twenty-fifth birthdays and her daughters pending their marriages. This was followed by a much shorter codicil.[3] On the evening of 1 July, he is alleged to have told his secretary Jean de Chavigny, "You will not find me alive at sunrise." The next morning he was reportedly found dead, lying on the floor next to his bed and a bench (Presage 141 [originally 152] for November 1567, as posthumously edited by Chavigny to fit).[10][2] He was buried in the local Franciscan chapel (part of it now incorporated into the restaurant La Brocherie) but re-interred in the Collégiale St-Laurent at the French Revolution, where his tomb remains to this day.[3]

Works
Copy of Garencières' 1672 English translation of the Propheties, located in The P.I. Nixon Medical History Library of The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

In The Prophecies he compiled his collection of major, long-term predictions. The first installment was published in 1555. The second, with 289 further prophetic verses, was printed in 1557. The third edition, with three hundred new quatrains, was reportedly printed in 1558, but now only survives as part of the omnibus edition that was published after his death in 1568. This version contains one unrhymed and 941 rhymed quatrains, grouped into nine sets of 100 and one of 42, called "Centuries".

Given printing practices at the time (which included type-setting from dictation), no two editions turned out to be identical, and it is relatively rare to find even two copies that are exactly the same. Certainly there is no warrant for assuming – as would-be "code-breakers" are prone to do – that either the spellings or the punctuation of any edition are Nostradamus' originals.[6]

The Almanacs. By far the most popular of his works, these were published annually from 1550 until his death. He often published two or three in a year, entitled either Almanachs (detailed predictions), Prognostications or Presages (more generalized predictions).

Nostradamus was not only a diviner, but a professional healer, too. It is known that he wrote at least two books on medical science. One was an alleged "translation" of Galen, and in his Traité des fardemens (basically a medical cookbook containing, once again, materials borrowed mainly from others), he included a description of the methods he used to treat the plague — none of which, not even the bloodletting, apparently worked. The same book also describes the preparation of cosmetics.

A manuscript normally known as the Orus Apollo also exists in the Lyon municipal library, where upwards of 2,000 original documents relating to Nostradamus are stored under the aegis of Michel Chomarat. It is a purported translation of an ancient Greek work on Egyptian hieroglyphs based on later Latin versions, all of them unfortunately ignorant of the true meanings of the ancient Egyptian script, which was not correctly deciphered until the advent of Champollion in the 19th century.

Since his death only the Prophecies have continued to be popular, but in this case they have been quite extraordinarily so. Over two hundred editions of them have appeared in that time, together with over 2000 commentaries. Their popularity seems to be partly due to the fact that their vagueness and lack of dating make it easy to quote them selectively after every major dramatic event and retrospectively claim them as "hits" (see Nostradamus in popular culture).

[edit] Nostradamus's sources

Nostradamus claimed to base his published predictions on judicial astrology — the astrological assessment of the quality of expected future developments —- but was heavily criticized by professional astrologers of the day such as Laurens Videl[2] for incompetence and for assuming that "comparative horoscopy" (the comparison of future planetary configurations with those accompanying known past events) could predict what would happen in the future.[6]

Recent research suggests that much of his prophetic work paraphrases collections of ancient end-of-the-world prophecies (mainly Bible-based), supplemented with references to historical events and anthologies of omen reports, and then projects those into the future in part with the aid of comparative horoscopy. Hence the many predictions involving ancient figures such as Sulla, Gaius Marius, Nero, and others, as well as his descriptions of "battles in the clouds" and "frogs falling from the sky." Astrology itself is mentioned only twice in Nostradamus's Preface and 41 times in the Centuries themselves, but more frequently in his dedicatory Letter to King Henri II. In the last quatrain of his sixth centurie he specifically attacks astrologers.

His historical sources include easily identifiable passages from Livy, Suetonius, Plutarch and other classical historians, as well as from medieval chroniclers such as Villehardouin and Froissart. Many of his astrological references are taken almost word for word from Richard Roussat's Livre de l'estat et mutations des temps of 1549–50.

One of his major prophetic sources was evidently the Mirabilis liber of 1522, which contained a range of prophecies by Pseudo-Methodius, the Tiburtine Sibyl, Joachim of Fiore, Savonarola and others. (His Preface contains 24 biblical quotations, all but two in the order used by Savonarola.)[14] This book had enjoyed considerable success in the 1520s, when it went through half a dozen editions (see External links below for facsimiles and translations) but did not sustain its influence, perhaps owing to its mostly Latin text, Gothic script and many difficult abbreviations. Nostradamus was one of the first to re-paraphrase these prophecies in French, which may explain why they are credited to him. It should be noted that modern views of plagiarism did not apply in the 16th century. Authors frequently copied and paraphrased passages without acknowledgement, especially from the classics.

Further material was gleaned from the De honesta disciplina of 1504 by Petrus Crinitus,[6] which included extracts from Michael Psellus's De daemonibus, and the De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum (Concerning the mysteries of Egypt...), a book on Chaldean and Assyrian magic by Iamblichus, a 4th century Neo-Platonist. Latin versions of both had recently been published in Lyon, and extracts from both are paraphrased (in the second case almost literally) in his first two verses, the first of which is appended to this article. While it is true that Nostradamus claimed in 1555 to have burned all of the occult works in his library, no one can say exactly what books were destroyed in this fire. The fact that they reportedly burned with an unnaturally brilliant flame suggests, however, that some of them were manuscripts on vellum, which was routinely treated with saltpeter.

Only in the 17th century did people start to notice his reliance on earlier, mainly classical sources.[15] This may help explain the fact that, during the same period, The Prophecies reportedly came into use in France as a classroom reader.[16]

Nostradamus's reliance on historical precedent is reflected in the fact that he explicitly rejected the label prophet (i.e. a person having prophetic powers of his own) on several occasions:[6][2]

Although, my son, I have used the word prophet, I would not attribute to myself a title of such lofty sublimity — Preface to César, 1555 (see caption to illustration above)[17]

Not that I would attribute to myself either the name or the role of a prophet — Preface to César, 1555[17]

[S]ome of [the prophets] predicted great and marvelous things to come: [though] for me, I in no way attribute to myself such a title here. — Letter to King Henri II, 1558[18]

I do but make bold to predict (not that I guarantee the slightest thing at all), thanks to my researches and the consideration of what judicial Astrology promises me and sometimes gives me to know, principally in the form of warnings, so that folk may know that with which the celestial stars do threaten them. Not that I am foolish enough to pretend to be a prophet. — Open letter to Privy Councillor (later Chancellor) Birague, 15 June 1566[2]

His rejection of the title prophet also squares with the fact[2] that he entitled his book
Detail from title-page of the original 1555 (Albi) edition of Nostradamus's Les Propheties

(a title that, in French, as easily means "The Prophecies, by M. Michel Nostradamus", which is precisely what they were; as "The Prophecies of M. Michel Nostradamus", which, except in a few cases, they were not, other than in the manner of their editing, expression and reapplication to the future.) Any criticism of Nostradamus for claiming to be a prophet, in other words, would have been for doing what he never claimed to be doing in the first place.

Given this reliance on literary sources, it is doubtful[2] whether Nostradamus used any particular methods for entering a trance state, other than contemplation, meditation and incubation (i.e., ritually "sleeping on it"). His sole description of this process is contained in letter 41[19] of his collected Latin correspondence.[2] The popular legend that he attempted the ancient methods of flame gazing, water gazing or both simultaneously is based on a naive reading of his first two verses, which merely liken his efforts to those of the Delphic and Branchidic oracles. The first of these is reproduced at the bottom of this article: the second can be seen by visiting the relevant facsimile site (see External Links). In his dedication to King Henri II, Nostradamus describes "emptying my soul, mind and heart of all care, worry and unease through mental calm and tranquility", but his frequent references to the "bronze tripod" of the Delphic rite are usually preceded by the words "as though" (compare, once again, External References to the original texts).

Interpretations

Most of the quatrains deal with disasters, such as plagues, earthquakes, wars, floods, invasions, murders, droughts, and battles — all undated and based on foreshadowings by the Mirabilis Liber. Some quatrains cover these disasters in overall terms; others concern a single person or small group of persons. Some cover a single town, others several towns in several countries. A major, underlying theme is an impending invasion of Europe by Muslim forces from further east and south headed by the expected Antichrist, directly reflecting the then-current Ottoman invasions and the earlier Saracen (that is, Arab) equivalents, as well as the prior expectations of the Mirabilis Liber.[2] All of this is presented in the context of the supposedly imminent end of the world -- even though this is not in fact mentioned[20] -- a conviction that sparked numerous collections of end-time prophecies at the time, not least an unpublished collection by Christopher Columbus.[21]

Nostradamus enthusiasts have credited him with predicting numerous events in world history, from the Great Fire of London, by way of the rise of Napoleon I of France and Adolf Hitler, to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center,[11] but only ever in hindsight. It is not only skeptics such as James Randi who suggest that his reputation as a prophet is largely manufactured by modern-day supporters who fit his words to events that have either already occurred or are so imminent as to be inevitable, a process sometimes known as "retroactive clairvoyance." There is no evidence in the academic literature to suggest that any Nostradamus quatrain has ever been interpreted as predicting a specific event before it occurred, other than in vague, general terms that could equally apply to any number of other events.

Alternative views

A range of quite different views are expressed in printed literature and on the Internet. At one end of the spectrum, there are extreme academic views such as those of Jacques Halbronn, suggesting at great length and with great complexity that Nostradamus's Prophecies are antedated forgeries written by later hands with a political axe to grind.[22] Although Halbronn possibly knows more about the texts and associated archives than almost anybody else alive (he helped dig out and research many of them), most other specialists in the field reject this view.

At the other end of the spectrum, there are numerous fairly recent popular books, and thousands of private websites, suggesting not only that the Prophecies are genuine but that Nostradamus was a true prophet. Thanks to the vagaries of interpretation, no two of them agree on exactly what he predicted, whether for our past or for our future.[4] There is a consensus among these works, however, that he predicted the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler,[23][2] both world wars, and the nuclear destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There is also a consensus that he predicted whatever major event had just happened at the time of each book's publication, from the Apollo moon landings, through the death of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997, and the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986,[24] to the events of 9/11: this 'movable feast' aspect appears to be characteristic of the genre.[4]

Possibly the first of these books to become truly popular in English was Henry C. Roberts' The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus of 1947, reprinted at least seven times during the next 40 years, which contained both transcriptions and translations, with brief commentaries. This was followed in 1961 (reprinted in 1982) by Edgar Leoni's comprehensive and remarkably dispassionate Nostradamus and His Prophecies. After that came Erika Cheetham's The Prophecies of Nostradamus, incorporating a reprint of the posthumous 1568 edition, which was reprinted, revised and republished several times from 1973 onwards, latterly as The Final Prophecies of Nostradamus. This went on to serve as the basis for Orson Welles' celebrated film The Man Who Saw Tomorrow. Apart from a two-part translation of Jean-Charles de Fontbrune's Nostradamus: historien et prophète of 1980, the series could be said to have culminated in John Hogue's well-known books on the seer from about 1994 onwards, including Nostradamus: The Complete Prophecies (1999) and, most recently, Nostradamus: A Life and Myth (2003).

With the exception of Roberts, these books and their many popular imitators were almost unanimous not merely about Nostradamus's powers of prophecy, but also about various aspects of his biography. He had been a descendant of the Israelite tribe of Issachar; he had been educated by his grandfathers, who had both been physicians to the court of Good King René of Provence; he had attended Montpellier University in 1525 to gain his first degree: after returning there in 1529 he had successfully taken his medical doctorate; he had gone on to lecture in the Medical Faculty there until his views became too unpopular; he had supported the heliocentric view of the universe; he had travelled to the north-east of France, where he had composed prophecies at the abbey of Orval; in the course of his travels he had performed a variety of prodigies, including identifying a future Pope; he had successfully cured the Plague at Aix-en-Provence and elsewhere; he had engaged in scrying using either a magic mirror or a bowl of water; he had been joined by his secretary Chavigny at Easter 1554; having published the first installment of his Propheties, he had been summoned by Queen Catherine de' Medici to Paris in 1556 to discuss with her his prophecy at quatrain I.35 that her husband King Henri II would be killed in a duel; he had examined the royal children at Blois; he had bequeathed to his son a 'lost book' of his own prophetic paintings[25]; he had been buried standing up; and he had been found, when dug up at the French Revolution, to be wearing a medallion bearing the exact date of his disinterment.

From the 1980s onwards, however, an academic reaction set in, especially in France. The publication in 1983 of Nostradamus's private correspondence[26] and, during succeeding years, of the original editions of 1555 and 1557 discovered by Chomarat and Benazra, together with the unearthing of much original archival material[3][6] revealed that much that was claimed about Nostradamus simply did not fit the documented facts. The academics[3][6][27][4] made it clear that not one of the claims just listed was backed up by any known contemporary documentary evidence. Most of them had evidently been based on unsourced rumours retailed as fact by much later commentators such as Jaubert (1656), Guynaud (1693) and Bareste (1840), on modern misunderstandings of the 16th century French texts, or on pure invention. Even the often-advanced suggestion that quatrain I.35 had successfully prophesied King Henri II's death did not actually appear in print for the first time until 1614, 55 years after the event.

On top of that, the academics, who themselves tend to eschew any attempt at interpretation, complained that the English translations were usually of poor quality, seemed to display little or no knowledge of 16th century French, were tendentious and, at worst, were sometimes twisted to fit the events to which they were supposed to refer (or vice versa). None of them, certainly, were based on the original editions: Roberts had based himself on that of 1672, Cheetham and Hogue on the posthumous edition of 1568. Even the relatively respectable Leoni accepted on his page 115 that he had never seen an original edition, and on earlier pages indicated that much of his biographical material was unsourced.

However, none of this research and criticism was originally known to most of the English-language commentators, by function of the dates when they were writing and, to some extent, of the language it was written in. Hogue, admittedly, was in a position to take advantage of it, but it was only in 2003 that he accepted that some of his earlier biographical material had in fact been apocryphal. Meanwhile various of the more recent sources listed (Lemesurier, Gruber, Wilson) have been particularly scathing about later attempts by some lesser-known authors and Internet enthusiasts to extract alleged hidden meanings from the texts, whether with the aid of anagrams, numerical codes, graphs or otherwise.

Popular culture
Main article: Nostradamus in popular culture

The prophecies retold and expanded by Nostradamus have figured largely in popular culture in the 20th and 21st centuries. As well as being the subject of hundreds of books (both fiction and nonfiction), Nostradamus's life has been depicted in several films and videos, and his life and writings continue to be a subject of media interest.

There have also been several well-known internet hoaxes, where quatrains in the style of Nostradamus have been circulated by e-mail as the real thing. The best-known examples concern the collapse of the World Trade Center in the attacks of September 11, 2001, which led both to hoaxes and to reinterpretations by enthusiasts of several quatrains as supposed prophecies.

The September 11, 2001 attacks on New York City led to immediate speculation as to whether Nostradamus had predicted the events. Nostradamus enthusiasts pointed to Quatrains VI.97 and I.87 as possible predictions, but none of the listed sources supported this suggestion (compare the relevant sections of the Lemesurier and Snopes websites listed under External Links).

Amaterasu, Jutsu or legend?

2009-06-06T23:46:00.003+07:00

Amaterasu (天照?), Amaterasu-ōmikami (天照大神／天照大御神?) or Ōhiru-menomuchi-no-kami (大日孁貴神?) is, in Japanese mythology, a sun goddess and perhaps the most important Shinto deity (神, kami?). Her name, Amaterasu, means literally "(that which) illuminates Heaven". She was born from the left eye of Izanagi as he purified himself in a river and went on to become the ruler of the Higher Celestial Plain (Takamagahara).

She is also said to be directly linked in lineage to the Imperial Household of Japan and the Emperor, who are considered descendants of the kami themselves.

Story of Amaterasu
The banner of the Sun Disc and Amaterasu waved in Boshin War in 1868

Amaterasu is described in the Kojiki as the sun goddess who was born from Izanagi's left eye. She was also accompanied by her siblings Susanoo, the storm deity, and Tsukuyomi, the moon deity, who were born from Izanagi's nose and right eye respectively. In the Kojiki, Amaterasu is described as the goddess from which all light emanates and is often referred to as the sun goddess because of her warmth and compassion for the people who worshipped her. Some other myths state that Amaterasu was born from water.

Most of her myths revolve around an incident where the goddess traps herself in a cave because of her brother's actions. For a while, everything among the three revered gods was peaceful and all of the world ran smoothly. One day, Susanoo, in a drunken rampage, trampled Amaterasu's rice fields, filled all of her irrigation ditches and threw excrement into her palace and her shrines. The Omikami asked her brother to stop but he ignored her and even went so far as to throw the corpse of a skinned horse at her hand-maidens who were weaving at the time. The women were killed by the splintered wood from the looms piercing their bodies (in the Kojiki it was their reproductive organs that were pierced).

Amaterasu was greatly angered and in protest she shut herself in the Heavenly Cave and sealed it shut with a giant rock. As a result, the world was consumed with darkness. Without her, everything began to wither and die. Countless Kami gathered in front of her cave and devised a way to lure her out. They all sat around the cave and set up a mirror across from the entrance. Ame-no-Uzume, the voluptuous goddess of merriment turned over a wash-tub and began a sensual dance, tapping the beat on the tub. She exposed her breasts and lifted her skirts as she danced. All of the gods made a great noise of yelling and cheering and laughing. Amaterasu peeked out to see what the noise was about. She asked the nearest god what was going on and he replied that there was a new goddess. When Amaterasu asked where she was, he pointed to the mirror.

The Omikami had never seen herself before and when she caught her reflection, she stared at the radiance of her own form. She was so surprised she said "omo-shiroi", which means both "white face", which the Omikami had, and "fascinating". When she was out of the way, Tajikara-O shut the rock behind her. Having lured her out of the cave, the gods convinced her to go back into the Celestial Plain and all life began to grow again and become strong in her light. Once back in the Celestial Plain, she made sure that she was ready for her brother's harsh actions again by having a bow and quiver at her side.

Later she sent her grandson Ninigi-no-Mikoto to pacify Japan: his great-grandson became the first emperor, Emperor Jimmu. He had a sacred sword (Kusanagi), jewel (Yasakani no magatama), and mirror (Yata no kagami) that became the Japanese imperial regalia.

Amaterasu is credited with inventing the cultivation of rice and wheat, use of silkworms and weaving with a loom.

Kukai famously linked Amaterasu with Dainichi Nyorai, a central manifestation of the Buddha, whose name is literally "Great Sun Buddha". Thus Amaterasu is held as an divine Emanation of Buddha Vairocana.

Her most important shrine, the Grand Shrine of Ise, is in Ise in western Honshū. The shrine is torn down and rebuilt every 20 years. In that shrine she is represented as a mirror, one of the three Japanese imperial regalia. The Ise Shrine is said to be the home of Amaterasu. This shrine, however, is not open to the public.

She is celebrated every July 17 with street processions all over the country. Festivities on December 21, the winter solstice, celebrate her coming out of the cave.
Torii at the Ama-no-Iwato Shrine in Takachiho, Miyazaki Prefecture

Difference between Kojiki and Nihon Shoki

There are slight differences between the description of the goddess in Kojiki and that in Nihon Shoki. Mainly, the story of Kojiki is much better known.

First is the story of her birth. In Kojiki, she was born after Izanagi failed to retrieve Izanami from Yomi. However, in Nihon Shoki, Izanagi and Izanami, who was still alive, together decided to create the supreme deity to reign over the world, and gave birth to Amaterasu.

The episode of sending her grandson to Ashihara no Nakatsukuni (Japan) is also different in two myths. In Kojiki, Amaterasu commanded her son and other gods to pacify Japan. On the other hand, the main article of Nihon Shoki records the myth that it was Takamimusubi-no-Kami who took control of the event and sent his maternal grandson Ninigi to Japan. The role of Amaterasu is ambiguous in the episode.

In both cases, Nihon Shoki records similar version of Kojiki episode as "aru-fumi", the alternative episode.

The goddess and the Imperial family

In 1946, Emperor Shōwa issued the Humanity Declaration. It was effectively a renunciation of the conception of akitsumikami (現御神?), divinity in human form, and claimed his relation to the people did not rely on such a mythological idea but on a historically developed family-like reliance. Many authors, such as John W. Dower and Herbert Bix, who dispute the former interpretation, consider that by choosing the word akitsumikami (現御神?) instead of arahitogami, Emperor Shōwa didn't actually deny his divine descent from goddess Amaterasu Omikami.

It must however be noted, that according to Shinto myths, all Japanese people descend from the gods, not only the Emperor. On this topic, Emperor Shōwa expressed in December 1945 his point of view to his vice-grand chamberlain Michio Kinoshita: "It is permissible to say that the idea that the Japanese are descendants of the gods is a false conception; but it is absolutely impermissible to call chimerical the idea that the emperor is a descendant of the gods."

Astana Giribangun

2009-06-06T23:25:00.000+07:00

Astana Giribangun, (also "Giri Bangun"), is a mausoleum complex for the Suharto family of former President of the Republic of Indonesia. It is located in Karang Bangun, Kecamatan Matesih, Kabupaten (Regency) Karanganyar, Central Java Province approximately 35 kilometres from the city of Solo. The archaic Javanese prose title translates as "Palace of the Arisen mountain".

The building is in traditional Javanese architectural style and occupying parts of the Mangkunegaran Royal Cemetery complex, it is approximately 300 metres from the burial sites of the Solonese royals Mangkunegara I, II and III. Former Indonesian President Soeharto was buried in Astana Giribangun following his death on the 28th of January 2008 with full State military honours, beside his late wife, Madame Tien Soeharto (Siti Hartinah Soeharto, who died earlier on April 28, 1996) and her late mother Mrs. Soehjarto.

The actual site was controversial at the time as many Javanese believed Madame Suharto not to be of true noble blood, but the descendent of a faithful court servant (who was born a commoner). The Mangkunegaran Court reconciled this controversy and decreed Suharto may indeed build his Astana, but may not be built any higher than a pre-existing Royal tomb. Astana Mangadeg, where Astana Giribangun is sited, was considered a powerful location by many dukun, spiritualists and soothsayers for the strongly kejawen or kebatinan Suharto to meditate and derive charisma or sakti (magicks).

The Astana Giribangun complex may be seen on Wikimapia at this location ( [show location on an interactive map] 7°39′07″S 111°04′15″E / 7.651922°S 111.070758°E / -7.651922; 111.070758Coordinates: [show location on an interactive map] 7°39′07″S 111°04′15″E / 7.651922°S 111.070758°E / -7.651922; 111.070758.)

HIZB NAWAWI - حزب النووي

2009-05-26T15:08:00.002+07:00

حزب النووي

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِیْمِ

بِسْمِ اللهِ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ , اللهُ أَكْبَرُ , اللهُ أَكْبَرُ ,
أَقُولُ عَلَى نَفْسِي وَعَلَى دِیْنِي وَعَلَى أَھْلِي وَعَلَى أَوْلاَدِيْ وَعَلَى مَالِي وَعَلَى أَصْ حَابِي وَعَلَ ى أَدْیَانِھِ م
وَعَلَى أَمْوَالِھِم أَلْفَ بِسْمِ اللهِ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ , اللهُ أَكْبَرُ ,
أَقُولُ عَلَى نَفْسِي وَعَلَى دِیْنِي وَعَلَى أَھْلِي وَعَلَى أَوْلاَدِيْ وَعَلَى مَالِي وَعَلَى أَصْ حَابِي وَعَلَ ى أَدْیَانِھِ م
وَعَلَى أَمْوَالِھِم أَلْفَ أَلْفِ بِسْمِ اللهِ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ , اللهُ أَكْبَرُ ,
أَقُولُ عَلَى نَفْسِي وَعَلَى دِیْنِي وَعَلَى أَھْلِي وَعَلَى أَوْلاَدِيْ وَعَلَى مَالِي وَعَلَى أَصْ حَابِي وَعَلَ ى أَدْیَانِھِ م
وَعَلَى أَمْوَالِھِم أَلْفَ أَلْفِ أَلْفِ لاَ حَوْلَ وَلاَ قُوَّةَ إِلاَّ بِاللهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِیْمِ .
بِسْمِ اللهِ وَبِاللهِ وَمِنَ اللهِ وَإِلَى اللهِ وَعَلَى اللهِ وَفِي اللهِ وَلاَ حَوْلَ وَلاَ قُوَّةَ إِلاَّ بِاللهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِیْمِ .
بِسْمِ اللهِ عَلَى دِینِي وَعَلَى نَفْسِي وَعَلَى أَوْلاَدِي
بِسْمِ اللهِ عَلَى مَالِي وَعَلَى أَھْلِي بِسْمِ اللهِ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ أَعْطَانِیھِ رَبِّي .
بِسْمِ اللهِ رَبِّ السَّمَوَاتِ السَّبْعِ وَرَبِّ الأَرْضِیْنَ السَّبْعِ وَرَبِّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِیْمِ . بِسْمِ اللهِ الَّذِي لاَ یَضُرُّ مَعَ
اسْمِھِ شَيْءٌ فِي الأَرْضِ وَلاَ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَھُوَ السَّمِیْعُ الْعَلِیْم ( 3 كالي)
بِسْمِ اللهِ خَیْرِ الأَسْمَاءِ فِي الأَرْضِ وَفِي السَّمَاءِ ,
بِسْمِ اللهِ أَفْتَتِحُ وَبِھِ أَخْتَتِمُ ,
اللهُ , اللهُ , اللهُ , اللهُ رَبِّي لاَ أُشْرِكُ بِھِ شَیْئًا ,
اللهُ , اللهُ , اللهُ , اللهُ رَبِّي لاَ إِلَھَ إِلاَّ اللهُ ,
اللهُ أَعَزُّ وَأَجَلُّ وَأَكْبَرُ مِمَّا أَخَافُ وَأَحْذَرُ ( 3 كالي)
(قُلْ ھُوَ اللَّھُ أَحَدٌ , اللَّھُ الصَّمَدُ , لَمْ یَلِدْ وَلَمْ یُولَدْ , وَلَمْ یَكُنْ لَھُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ 3) .) كالي)
وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ یَمِیْنِ ي وَعَ نْ أَیْمَ انِھِمْ وَمِثْ لُ ذَلِ كَ عَ نْ شِ مَالِي وَعَ نْ شَ مَائِلِھِم , وَمِثْ لُ ذَلِ كَ مِ نْ خَلْفِ ي
وَمِن خَلْفِھِم وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ فَوْقِِيْ وَمِنْ فَوْقِھِمْ وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ تَحْتِي وَمِنْ تَحْتِھِم وَمِثْ لُ ذَلِ كَ مُحِی طٌ بِ ي
وَبِھِم , اللَّھُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ لِي وَلَھُمْ مِنْ خَیْرِكَ بِخَیْرِكَ الَّذِي لاَ یَمْلِكُھُ غَیْرُكَ ,
اللَّھُمَّ اجْعَلْنِي وَإِیَّاھُمْ فِي عِبَادِكَ وَعِیَاذِكَ وَعِیَالِكَ وَجِوَارِكَ وَأَمَانَتِ كَ وَحِ رْزِكَ وَحِزْبِ كَ وَكَنَفِ كَ مِ نْ كُ لِّ

شَیْطَانٍ وَسُلْطَانٍ وَإِنْسٍ وَجَانٍ وَبَاغٍ وَحَاسِدٍ وَسَبُعٍ وَحَیَّةٍ وَعَقْرَبٍ وَمِنْ كُ لِّ دَابَ ةٍ أَنْ تَ آخِ ذٌ بِنَاصِ یَتِھَا
إِنَّ رَبِّي عَلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِیمٍ ,
حَسْبِ يَ ال رَّبُّ مِ نَ الْمَرْبُ وْبِینَ , حَسْبِ يَ الْخَ الِقُ مِ نَ الْمَخْلُ وقِینَ , حَسْبِ يَ ال رَّازِقُ مِ نَ الْمَ رْزُوْقِیْنَ ,
حَسْبِيَ السَّاتِرُ مِنَ الْمَسْتُورِیْنَ , حَسْبِ يَ النَّاصِ رُ مِ نَ الْمَنْصُ ورِیْنَ , حَسْبِ يَ الْقَ اھِرُ مِ نَ الْمَقْھُ ورِینَ ,
حَسْبِيَ الَّذِي ھُوَ حَسْبِي , حَسْبِيَ مَنْ لَمْ یَزَلْ حَسْبِي , حَسْبِيَ اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِیْلُ , حَسْبِيَ اللهُ مِنْ جَمِی عِ
خَلْقِھِ ,( إِنَّ وَلِیِّيَ اللهُ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْكِتَابَ وَھُوَ یَتَوَلىَّ الصَّالِحِیْنَ )
(وَإِذَا قَ رَأْتَ الْقُ رْءَانَ جَعَلْنَ ا بَیْنَ كَ وَبَیْ نَ الَّ ذِینَ لَ ا یُؤْمِنُ ونَ بِالْ آخِرَةِ حِجَابً ا مَسْتُ ورًا , وَجَعَلْنَ ا عَلَ ى
قُلُوبِھِمْ أَكِنَّةً أَنْ یَفْقَھُوهُ وَفِي ءَاذَانِھِمْ وَقْ رًا وَإِذَا ذَكَ رْتَ رَبَّ كَ فِ ي الْقُ رْءَانِ وَحْ دَهُ وَلَّ وْا عَلَ ى أَدْبَارِھِ مْ
نُفُورًا) ,
(فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُلْ حَسْبِيَ اللَّھُ لَا إِلَھَ إِلَّا ھُوَ عَلَیْھِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَھُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِیمِ)
وَلاَ حَ وْلَ وَلاَ قُ وَّةَ إِلاَّ بِ اللهِ الْعَلِ يِّ الْعَظِیْ مِ وَصَ لَّى اللهُ عَلَ ى سَ یِّدِنَا مُحَمَّ دٍ وَعَلَ ى آلِ ھِ وَصَ حْبِھِ وَسَ لَّم
(تیوف كانن ، كیري , دفن , بلاكغ 3 كالي)
خَبَأْتُ نَفْسِي فِي خَزَائِنِ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِیْمِ , أَقْفَالُھَا ثِقَتِي بِ اللهِ , مَفَاتِیْحُھَ ا لاَ حَ وْلَ وَلاَ قُ وَّةَ إِلاَّ
بِاللهِ , أُدَافِعُ بِكَ اللَّھُمَّ عَنْ نَفْسِي مَا أُطِیْقُ وَمَ ا لاَ أُطِیْ قُ لاَ طَاقَ ةَ لِمَخْلُ وقٍ مَ عَ قُ دْرَةِ الْخَ الِقِ . حَسْبِ يَ
اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِیْلُ .
وَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلَى سَیِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِھِ وَصَحْبِھِ وَسَلَّم
سورة الإخلاص
سورة الأعراف الأیة 196
46- سورة الإسراء الأیة 45
سورة التوبة الأیة 129

The Hidden Philosophy of Abundance

2009-05-26T13:29:00.001+07:00

Metaphysics refers to the branch of philosophy that seeks to address all things Universal whether it is divine, cosmic, spiritual, or human. Ultimately, those who study metaphysics seek to address how we play a role in this continuum. It addresses those things perceived to be hidden.'

To that end, many institutions including seminaries, universities, schools of metaphysics, and the like have found it necessary not to make the teachings of all metaphysics available to the everyday individual. This exclusion technique is designed to keep the study of metaphysics 'mystical and hierarchical.' So, where does that leave you?

Limited' you are limited to the few books published by Success Philosophers, Cosmologists, and Success Coaches. These authors may write something as vague as your thoughts produce the things in your life. However, they do not explain the metaphysics involved. They do not explain how .energy follows thoughts. They do not explain how .thoughts steer our lives in specific directions. Unfortunately, the most hidden of all branches of Metaphysics is Metaphysical Success

Philosophy or what is referred to as the Philosophy of Abundance. Why is it the most hidden branch of Metaphysics--because, most of the world's governments and nations have become capitalistic societies. In order for capitalism to work, you must have two groups the haves and the have-nots.. You must have people who are in debt. You must have a large demand in order to have a large supply.

If everyone received Abundance Training, then there would not be the large gap between the haves and the have-nots. In fact, many of our issues involving poverty, homelessness, debt, broken homes, and broken families would be eliminated because people would have the tools to live in Divine Flow of wealth, success, financial freedom, love, devotion, and optimal health.

The governments of the world make their money from our poor health, debt, and struggle to 'just get by.' Liberation comes with knowledge.

Now, because of the great demand in the desire to live abundantly, some Success

Philosophers and Psychologists have capitalized on this demand. Instead of providing teachings and trainings in Abundance, they now offer books, tapes, lectures, and workshops on .Behavioral Economics. While this subject has helped a few people who are in debt and earn about $100,000 annually, it is not inclusive of everyone. Behavioral

Economics are for people who have a substantial income but can't seem to manage their money.

Abundance Training is much more empowering. It is about enriching the whole-self.

You are not affected by the conditions of the economy or limited because you don't already earn a 6 figure salary. Your ability to increase your wealth, live in abundance, and have financial freedom is based on your understanding of Universal, Cosmic, and Spiritual Laws that govern the 'flow 'of wealth, success, love, devotion, financial freedom, and optimal health. Abundance Training teaches you how to operate in divine flow of this energy.

Wealth, money, success, love, health it is all energy. Once you know how to operate in the flow of that energy, you have the ability turn the unmanifested into the manifested. You can access intelligence of substance as it works to bring our true desires to fruition.

About the author: Carmellita Brown is an Wellness and Success Coach. She is the instructor of the Online course 'Abundance Training 101: The Universal Law of Abundance" available at: http://universalclass.com/i/crn/14056.htm and the online Course 'Lose Weight While Becoming a Wellness Coach" available at http://universalclass.com/i/crn/9478.htm.
Author: Carmellita Brown

The History of Hizib Bahri

2009-05-26T12:37:00.002+07:00

Arab tradition, marked the beginning Hizib word refers to something that "throng" and "clique". That is the consequence there is the word "Hizbullah", meaning "a set" of the troops who fought in the name of God. But Hizbullah own words sometimes also used to call the angels.

Still fresh in our memories, when the Prophet and his friends battle against the idolaters in the moon, God deliberately bring 5,000 troops as reinforcement of sign white, they are the angels (Hizbullah)

Hizib own words sometimes also used to call "a gloomy berarak" or "remains cloudy." Such hizbun min al-ghumum (some or a group of gray)

Turns to the next word in hizib tradition thoriqot or developing in pesantren (islamic school)is to "mark" a reading-specific reading. For example hizib read Friday; are wirid-specific wirid read Friday.

For the next, meaning hizib is wirid itself. Or can also mean munajat, there hizib Ghazaly, Hizib Bukhori, Hizib Nawawi, Hizib Bahri, who each have their own history.

Sheikh Abu Al-Hasan asy asy Syadzily famous as a series of prayer has many fine and beautiful, as rich as treasury hizib-hizibnya. One of the famous hizib his first since up to now is hizib Bahri and hizib Nashor. Both hizib is diamalkan by many Muslims around the world, especially ulama-ulama large, despite some of them do not follow thoriqot asy Sheikh.

Bahri Hizib which means that on receipt hizib asy asy Sheikh Abu Al-Hasan Syadzili directly from the Prophet SAW associated with the sea in which there is no wind. History hizib Bahri received is as follows:

At that time, Sheikh Abu Al-Hasan asy asy Syadzili middle perjalan perform the Hajj to the holy land. That one must travel across the red sea. To cross the ocean sedianya that he will ride the boat belonging to someone who is Christian. He also will sail though with different goals asy Sheikh. However, the situation on the sea waku that there are not enough wind to run the ship. Such a situation occur until many days, so perjalannapun be delayed. Until the end of a day, met with Sheikh asy of Rasulullah SAW. In that meeting, Rasulullah SAW directly teach hizib Bahri in dictation '(dictation) to asy Sheikh.

After the new hizib Bahri he received from the SAW Rasulululah he read, and then he told the owner that the boat is leaving and running perahunya. Knowing the situation that is not possible, because the wind needed to run the boat is still not there, people do not want itupun the command asy Sheikh. However asy Sheikh told that the boat remains diberangkatkan. "Come on, leave and run perahumu! now it's time the wind came, "said Sheikh asy to the man. And the fact is correct, the wind slowly began to breathe, and finally perahupun can walk. Alkisah short stories and the Christian states itupun ago entered islam.

Said Sheikh Abdurrahman al Busthomi, "Hizbul Bahri is already held in the earth's surface. Bahri hizbul flag waver, and in mosques. The scholars have said that hizbul Bahri contain Ismullohil 'adhom and some of the very noble secret.

In the book Kasyf al-Zhunun `an al-Pole Asami wa al-Funun, Haji Khalifah a librarian famous origin Constantinople (Istanbul Turkey) write a different warranty given asy Sheikh Abu Al-Hasan Syadzili with Hizib Bahrinya this. Of them, according to Haji Khalifah, Sheikh asy Syadzili once said: If hizibku (Hizib Bahri, Red.) Read this in Baghdad, it was certainly not akan jatuh. Perhaps the asy Sheikh Syadzili with the fall of Baghdad there is a fall into the hands of the Tartars.

Bahri Hizib when read in a place, then it will termpat avoid catastrophe, says al-Sheikh Abu Al-Hasan, as written in Kasyf Haji Khalifah al-Zhunun.

Haji Khalifah also cite scholars-scholars comment on this Hizib Bahri. There, that people who read Hizib Bahar istiqamah, it does not burn off or be lost. When Hizib Bahri written on the wall or the gate house, it will be protected from the meaning of ugly people and so on.

Perhaps, people who practice with continuous Hizib Bahri, akan get protection from all the troops'. In fact, if there are evil people who intend menyatroni want her home, he will see the sea water that is very knowledgeable. Si penyatron akan make the withdrawal movement of the pool will get power from ocean swallow. When in the evening, he will continue to make token pool until morning the owner arrived home and menegurnya.

Many of the comments, both from Sheikh Syadzili ASH and other scholars about the magical Hizib Bahri written in Kasyf Haji Khalifah al-Zhunun volume 1 (on the entry word Hizb). In addition, Haji Khalifah also states that Hizib Bahri has disyarahi by many scholars, including Sheikh Abu Sulayman al-Syadzili, Sheikh Zarruq, Sulthan and Ibn al-Harawi.

As presented in manaqib asy Sheikh Syadzili, that towards the end of his life, asy Sheikh has been to make disciples that he was their child, meaning the students thoriqot syadziliyah, that practice hizib Bahri. However, to practice Hizib this should be through talqin or diploma from a teacher who has taught for the authority. Someone who does not have any authority not entitled to give hizib or taught to other people. This is a adabiyah or ethics dilingkungan world thoriqot.

In Thoriqot Syadziliyah Map Tulungagung, each practice aurod, wirid and hizib always begins with the intention and the word "Lillahi ta'ala," every student should not ask what fadhilah and benefits of wirid or hizib, because it can reduce or eliminate sincerity. Map for Syadziliyah Jamaah Tulungagung Hizib function itself is to re-Hizib himself, for merontokkan sex nafsunya, so that it can wushul to God. That is the goal berthoriqot people, because if not for the purpose of God (not Lillahi ta'ala) then it will be between the Hijab itself with God, not even close to the more remote from Allah SWT, naudzubillahi mindhalik.

Source:
1. The Quthub Court, Sheikh Abu Al-Hasan manaqib asy Syadzili, Publisher MAP, Tulungagung.
2. sidogiri.com
3. Hizib literature, publishers LKIS

Introduction to the chakras

2009-05-17T02:28:00.001+07:00

What chakras are and their psychological properties

Chakras are centers of energy, located on the midline of the body. There are seven of them, and they govern our psychological properties. The chakras located on the lower part of our body are our instinctual side, the highest ones our mental side.

Chakras on the midline of the bodyThe chakras can have various levels of activity. When they're "open," they're considered operative in a normal fashion.

Ideally, all chakras would contribute to our being. Our instincts would work together with our feelings and thinking. However, this is usually not the case. Some chakras are not open enough (being under-active), and to compensate, other chakras are over-active. The ideal state is where the chakras are balanced. To find out what the state of your chakras is, do the chakra test.

There exist lots of techniques to balance the chakras. Mostly techniques to open chakras are used. It makes no sense to try to make over-active chakras less active, as they are compensating for other chakras. To restore the compensation they'd be over-active again in no time. To stop them from compensating, the chakras they are compensating for must be opened. See the techniques to open chakras.

1 - Root chakra

The Root chakra is about being physically there and feeling at home in situations. If it is open, you feel grounded, stable and secure. You don't unnecessarily distrust people. You feel present in the here and now and connected to your physical body. You feel you have sufficient territory.

If you tend to be fearful or nervous, your Root chakra is probably under-active. You'd easily feel unwelcome.

If this chakra is over-active, you may be very materialistic and greedy. You're probably obsessed with being secure and resist change.

2 - Sacral chakra

The Sacral chakra is about feeling and sexuality. When it is open, your feelings flow freely, and are expressed without you being over-emotional. You are open to intimacy and you can be passionate and lively. You have no problems dealing with your sexuality.

If you tend to be stiff and unemotional or have a "poker face," the Sacral chakra is under-active. You're not very open to people.

If this chakra is over-active, you tend to be emotional all the time. You'll feel emotionally attached to people and you can be very sexual.

3 - Navel chakra

The Navel chakra is about asserting yourself in a group. When it is open, you feel in control and you have sufficient self esteem.

When the Navel chakra is under-active, you tend to be passive and indecisive. You're probably timid and don't get what you want.

If this chakra is over-active, you are domineering and probably even aggressive.

4 - Heart chakra

The Heart chakra is about love, kindness and affection. When it is open, you are compassionate and friendly, and you work at harmonious relationships.

When your Heart chakra is under-active, you are cold and distant.

If this chakra is over-active, you are suffocating people with your love and your love probably has quite selfish reasons.

5 - Throat chakra

The Throat chakra is about self-expression and talking. When it is open, you have no problems expressing yourself, and you might be doing so as an artist.

When this chakra is under-active, you tend not to speak much, and you probably are introverted and shy. Not speaking the truth may block this chakra.

If this chakra is over-active, you tend to speak too much, usually to domineer and keep people at a distance. You're a bad listener if this is the case.

6 - Third Eye chakra

The Third Eye chakra is about insight and visualization. When it is open, you have a good intuition. You may tend to fantasize.

If it is under-active, you're not very good at thinking for yourself, and you may tend to rely on authorities. You may be rigid in your thinking, relying on beliefs too much. You might even get confused easily.

If this chakra is over-active, you may live in a world of fantasy too much. In excessive cases halucinations are possible.

7 - Crown chakra

The Crown chakra is about wisdom and being one with the world. When this chakra is open, you are unprejudiced and quite aware of the world and yourself.

If it is under-active, you're not very aware of spirituality. You're probably quite rigid in your thinking.

If this chakra is over-active, you are probably intellectualizing things too much. You may be addicted to spirituality and are probably ignoring your bodily needs.

The Malleus Maleficarum of Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger

2009-05-13T23:03:00.004+07:00

The Malleus Maleficarum (Latin for “The Hammer of Witches”, or “Hexenhammer” in German) is one of the most famous medieval treatises on witches. It was written in 1486 by Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger, and was first published in Germany in 1487. Its main purpose was to challenge all arguments against the existence of witchcraft and to instruct magistrates on how to identify, interrogate and convict witches.

Some modern scholars believe that Jacob Sprenger contributed little if anything to the work besides his name, but the evidence to support this is weak. Both men were members of the Dominican Order and Inquisitors for the Catholic Church. They submitted the Malleus Maleficarum to the University of Cologne’s Faculty of Theology on May 9, 1487, seeking its endorsement.

While general consensus is that The Catholic Church banned the book in 1490 by placing it on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (”List of Prohibited Books”), the first Index was, in fact, produced in 1559 under the direction of Pope Paul IV. Therefore such claims are dubious, at best. I believe people are confusing the fact that the Inquisition reportedly denounced Heinrich Kramer in 1490 as being a ban upon the Malleus Maleficarum. Thus far, I’ve yet to find the Malleus on any Index Librorum Prohibitorum (copies of which are available on the Internet - most notably the 1559 and 1948 editions).

The papal bull, which appeared at the beginning of the book, could rightly be said to be misleading, because it addresses Kramer’s and Sprenger’s authorities as Inquisitors in certain lands, not the creation of the Malleus Maleficarum. The Catholic Encyclopedia states “Innocent’s Bull enacted nothing new. Its direct purport was simply to ratify the powers already conferred upon Henry Institoris and James Sprenger, inquisitors, to deal with persons of every class and with every form of crime (for example, with witchcraft as well as heresy), and it called upon the Bishop of Strasburg to lend the inquisitors all possible support.” So Kramer treated the bull as if it was an endorsement of his book, but it was not. However, the inclusion of the bull certainly gave the impression that the Malleus Maleficarum had been granted approval by Pope Innocent VIII.

Some believe that the Letter of Approbation from The Faculty of Theology of the University of Cologne was a falsified document. General consensus is that Heinrich Kramer brought the Malleus Maleficarum before the University of Cologne requesting an endorsement, but was rebuffed. Tradition has it that Kramer forged the document that he included with his work, that he and James Sprenger parted ways on bad terms, and that Kramer was denounced by the Inquisition in 1490. One would expect, however, that had such a document been forged, Mr. Kramer would not have subsequently been able to conduct very popular lectures in Venice starting in 1495, much less be empowered to proceed against the Waldensians and Picards in 1500.

I believe it’s much more likely that the Letter of Approbation was genuine, but that the Malleus itself was never actually read by the gentlemen who endorsed it. I think it’s much more likely that Dr. Edward Peters was correct when, in his section of the work Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: Volume Three - The Middle Ages [page 239], he stated; “The approval of the theological faculty of Cologne was arranged through a complicated series of academic negotiations – it, too, does not address the remarkable qualities of the work itself. It is doubtful whether Innocent VIII or the theological faculty of Cologne ever read the work.”

Also, according to Dr. Christopher Mackay, whose recent translation represents a reliable modern scholarly edition of the Malleus Maleficarum, “The argument was made in the nineteenth century by a scholar hostile to what the Malleus stood for that the approbation was a forgery by Institoris and that Sprenger had nothing to do with the composition. The evidence for this is in my view very tenuous (and the main argument is clearly invalid). Nonetheless, once the argument was put forward, it took on a life of its own, and people continue to advance arguments in favor of the idea that Sprenger’s involvement was a falsification perpetrated by Institoris, despite the fact that this argument was vitiated from the start.”

Whether or not the work was ever officially banned by the Catholic Church, the Malleus Maleficarum became the de-facto handbook for witch-hunters and Inquisitors throughout Late Medieval Europe. Between the years 1487 and 1520, it was published thirteen times, and between 1574 to 1669 it was again published sixteen times.

The Malleus Maleficarum perhaps owes most of its popularity to Johannes Gutenberg. It was the invention of the printing press in the middle of the fifteenth century that allowed the work to spread so rapidly throughout Europe.

- Wicasta Lovelace

Out-of-body experience (OBE or sometimes Meraga Sukma),

2009-05-12T01:10:00.000+07:00

An out-of-body experience (OBE or sometimes OOBE), is an experience that typically involves a sensation of floating outside of one's body and, in some cases, perceiving one's physical body from a place outside one's body (autoscopy). The term out-of-the-body experience was introduced in 1943 by G.N.M Tyrrell in his book Apparitions, and adopted by, for example, Celia Green and Robert Monroe as a bias-free alternative to belief-centric labels such as "astral projection" or "spirit walking".

Though the term usefully distances researchers from scientifically problematic concepts such as the soul, scientists still know little about the phenomenon. One in ten people has an out-of-body experience at some time in their lives. OBEs are often part of the near-death experience, and reportedly may also lead to astral projection. Those who have experienced OBEs sometimes claim to have observed details which were unknown to them beforehand.

In some cases the phenomenon appears to occur spontaneously; in others it is associated with a physical or mental trauma, use of psychedelic drugs, dissociative drugs, or a dream-like state. Many techniques aiming to induce the experience deliberately have been developed[7], for example visualization while in a relaxed, meditative state. Recent (2007) studies have shown that experiences somewhat similar to OBEs can be induced by direct brain stimulation. Some of those who experience OBEs claimed to have willed themselves out of their bodies, while others report having found themselves being pulled from their bodies (usually preceded by a feeling of paralysis). In other accounts, the feeling of being outside the body was suddenly realized after the fact, and the experiencers saw their own bodies almost by accident. OBEs often occur during the borderline stage between REM sleep and arousal when sleep paralysis may persist and dream imagery may mingle with sensory input.

Some neurologists have suspected that the event is triggered by a mismatch between visual and tactile signals. They used a virtual reality setup to recreate an OBE. The subject looked through goggles and saw his own body as it would appear to an outside observer standing behind him. The experimenter then touched the subject at the same time as a rod appeared to touch the virtual image. The experiment created an illusion of being behind and outside one's body. However, critics point out that it is uncertain how this relates to the OBE phenomenon.

OBEs are sometimes reported to be preceded by and initiated from a lucid dream state, though other types of immediate and spontaneous experience are also reported. In many cases, people who claimed to have had an OBE reported being asleep, on the verge of sleep, or already asleep shortly before the experience. A large percentage of these cases referred to situations where the sleep was not particularly deep (due to illness, noises in other rooms, emotional stress, exhaustion from overworking, frequent re-awakening, etc.). In most of these cases, the subjects then felt themselves awake; about half of them noted a feeling of sleep paralysis.

Astral projection is a paranormal interpretation of out-of-body experience that assumes the existence of one or more non-physical planes of existence and an associated body beyond the physical. Commonly such planes are called astral, etheric, or spiritual. Astral projection is often experienced as the spirit or astral body leaving the physical body to travel in the spirit world or astral plane.

Evidence for objective reality of projection on to the etheric plane (a near-copy of the physical plane) is sometimes suggested when people, such as patients during surgery, describe OBEs in which they see or hear events or objects outside their sensory range (for instance, Pam Reynolds reported experiencing an OBE during brain surgery and described a surgical instrument she had not seen previously, as well as conversation that occurred while she was under anethesia).

Third eye - Mata Ke 3 - Indera ke 6

2009-05-11T01:08:00.000+07:00

The third eye (also known as the inner eye) is a mystical and esoteric concept referring in part to the ajna (brow) chakra in certain Eastern and Western spiritual traditions. It is also spoken of as the gate that leads within to inner realms and spaces of higher consciousness. In New Age spirituality, the third eye may alternately symbolize a state of enlightenment or the evocation of mental images having deeply-personal spiritual or psychological significance. The third eye is often associated with visions, clairvoyance, precognition, and out-of-body experiences, and people who have allegedly developed the capacity to use their third eyes are sometimes known as seers.

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the third eye is a symbol of enlightenment (see moksha and nirvana). In the Indian tradition, it is referred to as the jjanacaksu, the eye of knowledge, which is the seat of the 'teacher inside' or antar-guru. The third eye is the ajna chakra (sixth chakra) also known as brow chakra or brow centre. This is commonly denoted in Indian and East Asian iconography with a dot, eye or mark on the forehead of deities or enlightened beings, such as Shiva, the Buddha, or any number of yogis, sages and bodhisattvas. This symbol is called the "Third Eye" or "Eye of Wisdom", or, in Buddhism, the urna. In Hinduism, it is believed that the opening of Shiva's third eye causes the eventual destruction of the universe.

Many Hindus wear a tilak between the eyebrows to represent the third eye.

In the Upanishads, a human being is likened to a city with ten gates. Nine gates (eyes, nostrils, ears, mouth, urethra, anus) lead outside to the sensory world. The third eye is the tenth gate and leads to inner realms housing myriad spaces of consciousness.

Binaural beats

2009-05-11T01:04:00.000+07:00

Binaural beats or binaural tones are auditory processing artifacts, or apparent sounds, the perception of which arises in the brain independent of physical stimuli. This effect was discovered in 1839 by Heinrich Wilhelm Dove.

The brain produces a phenomenon resulting in low-frequency pulsations in the loudness of a perceived sound when two tones at slightly different frequencies are presented separately, one to each of a subject's ears, using stereo headphones. A beating tone will be perceived, as if the two tones mixed naturally, out of the brain. The frequency of the tones must be below about 1,000 to 1,500 hertz for the beating to be heard. The difference between the two frequencies must be small (below about 30 Hz) for the effect to occur; otherwise, the two tones will be heard separately and no beat will be perceived.

Binaural beats are of interest to neurophysiologists investigating the sense of hearing. Second (and more controversially), binaural beats reportedly influence the brain in more subtle ways through the entrainment of brainwaves and can be used to produce relaxation and other health benefits such as pain relief.

History

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove discovered binaural beats in 1839. While research about them continued after that, the subject remained somewhat of a scientific curiosity until 134 years later, with the publishing of Gerald Oster's article "Auditory Beats in the Brain" (Scientific American, 1973). Oster's article identified and assembled the scattered islands of relevant research since Dove, offering tremendous fresh insight (and new laboratory findings) to research on binaural beats.

In particular, Oster saw binaural beats as a powerful tool for cognitive and neurological research, addressing questions such as how animals locate sounds in their three-dimensional environment, and also the remarkable ability of animals to pick out and focus on specific sounds in a sea of noise (what is known as the "cocktail party effect").

Oster also considered binaural beats to be a potentially useful medical diagnostic tool, not merely for finding and assessing auditory impairments, but also for more general neurological conditions. (Binaural beats involve different neurological pathways than ordinary auditory processing.) For example, Oster found that a number of his subjects that could not perceive binaural beats suffered from Parkinson's disease. In one particular case, Oster was able to follow the subject through a week-long treatment of Parkinson's disease; at the outset the patient could not perceive binaural beats; but by the end of the week of treatment, the patient was able to hear them.

In corroborating an earlier study, Oster also reported gender differences in the perception of beats. Specifically, women seemed to experience two separate peaks in their ability to perceive binaural beats- peaks possibly correlating with specific points in the menstrual cycle (onset of menstruation and approx. 15 after). This data led Oster to wonder if binaural beats could be used as a tool for measuring relative levels of estrogen.

The effects of binaural beats on consciousness were first examined by physicists Thomas Campbell and Dennis Mennerich, who under the direction of Robert Monroe sought to reproduce a subjective impression of 4hz oscillation that they associated with out of body experience. On the strength of their findings, Monroe spawned the binaural self-development industry by forming The Monroe Institute, now a charitable binaural research and education organization.

Physiology

The sensation of binaural beats is believed to originate in the superior olivary nucleus, a part of the brain stem. They appear to be related to the brain's ability to locate the sources of sounds in three dimensions and to track moving sounds, which also involves inferior colliculus (IC) neurons. Regarding entrainment, the study of rhythmicity provides insights into the understanding of temporal information processing in the human brain. Auditory rhythms rapidly entrain motor responses into stable steady synchronization states below and above conscious perception thresholds. Activated regions include primary sensorimotor and cingulate areas, bilateral opercular premotor areas, bilateral SII, ventral prefrontal cortex, and, subcortically, anterior insula, putamen, and thalamus. Within the cerebellum, vermal regions and anterior hemispheres ipsilateral to the movement became significantly activated. Tracking temporal modulations additionally activated predominantly right prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and intraparietal regions as well as posterior cerebellar hemispheres. A study of aphasic subjects who had a severe stroke versus normal subjects showed that the aphasic subject could not hear the binaural beats whereas the normal subjects could.

Overview

Binaural beats may influence functions of the brain besides those related to hearing. This phenomenon is called frequency following response. The concept is that if one receives a stimulus with a frequency in the range of brain waves, the predominant brain wave frequency is said to be likely to move towards the frequency of the stimulus (a process called entrainment). In addition, binaural beats have been credibly documented to relate to both spatial perception & stereo auditory recognition, and, according to the frequency following response, activation of various sites in the brain.

The stimulus does not have to be aural; it can also be visual[14] or a combination of aural and visual.[15] (One such example would be Dreamachine.) However, using alpha frequencies with such stimuli can trigger photosensitive epilepsy.

Perceived human hearing is limited to the range of frequencies from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, though Infrasound - sound below 20Hz - still have scientifically observable effects on humans, however, it is not readily audible, especially at low volume levels. While the frequencies of human brain waves are below about 40 Hz. To account for this lack of perception, binaural beat frequencies are used. Beat frequencies of 40 Hz have been produced in the brain with binaural sound and measured experimentally.

When the perceived beat frequency corresponds to the delta, theta, alpha, beta, or gamma range of brainwave frequencies, the brainwaves entrain to or move towards the beat frequency. For example, if a 315 Hz sine wave is played into the right ear and a 325 Hz one into the left ear, the brain is entrained towards the beat frequency (10 Hz, in the alpha range. Since alpha range is associated with relaxation, this has a relaxing effect or if in the beta range, more alertness. An experiment with binaural sound stimulation using beat frequencies in the Beta range on some participants and Delta/Theta range in other participants, found better vigilance performance and mood in those on the awake alert state of Beta range stimulation.

Binaural beat stimulation has been used fairly extensively to induce a variety of states of consciousness, and there has been some work done in regards to the effects of these stimuli on relaxation, focus, attention, and states of consciousness.[ Studies have shown that with repeated training to distinguish close frequency sounds that a plastic reorganization of the brain occurs for the trained frequencies and is capable of asymmetric hemispheric balancing.

EEG measures during anesthesia

2009-05-10T01:02:00.000+07:00

Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures taken during anesthesia exhibit stereotypic changes as anesthetic depth increases. These changes include complex patterns of frequency slowing accompanied by amplitude increases which typically peak when loss of consciousness occurs (loss of responses to verbal commands; loss of righting reflex).

As anesthetic depth increases from light surgical levels to deep anesthesia, the EEG exhibits disrupted rhythmic waveforms, high amplitude burst suppression activity, and finally, very low amplitude isoelectric or 'flat line' activity.

Various signal analysis approaches have been used to quantify these pattern changes and can provide an indication of loss of recall, loss of consciousness and anesthetic depth. Monitors have been developed using various algorithms for signal analysis and are commercially available, but none have as yet proven 100% accurate. This is a difficult problem and an active area of medical research.

History of Electroencephalography (EEG)

2009-05-10T01:01:00.000+07:00

A timeline of the history of EEG is given by Swartz.[5] Richard Caton (1842–1926), a physician practicing in Liverpool, presented his findings about electrical phenomena of the exposed cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys in the British Medical Journal in 1875. In 1890, Beck published an investigation of spontaneous electrical activity of the brain of rabbits and dogs which included rhythmic oscillations altered by light.

In 1912, Russian physiologist, Vladimir Vladimirovich Pravdich-Neminsky published the first EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian (dog).[6] In 1914, Cybulsky and Jelenska-Macieszyna photographed EEG-recordings of experimentally induced seizures.

German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger (1873–1941) began his studies of the human EEG in 1920. He gave the device its name and is sometimes credited with inventing the EEG, though others had performed similar experiments. His work was later expanded by Edgar Douglas Adrian. In 1934, Fisher and Lowenback first demonstrated epileptiform spikes. In 1935 Gibbs, Davis and Lennox described interictal spike waves and the 3 cycles/s pattern of clinical absence seizures, which began the field of clinical electroencephalography. Subsequently, in 1936 Gibbs and Jasper reported the interictal spike as the focal signature of epilepsy. The same year, the first EEG laboratory opened at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Franklin Offner (1911–1999), professor of biophysics at Northwestern University developed a prototype of the EEG which incorporated a piezoelectric inkwriter called a Crystograph (the whole device was typically known as the Offner Dynograph).

In 1947, The American EEG Society was founded and the first International EEG congress was held. In 1953 Aserinsky and Kleitmean describe REM sleep.

In the 1950s, William Grey Walter developed an adjunct to EEG called EEG topography which allowed for the mapping of electrical activity across the surface of the brain. This enjoyed a brief period of popularity in the 1980s and seemed especially promising for psychiatry. It was never accepted by neurologists and remains primarily a research tool.

Electroencephalography (EEG) Method

2009-05-09T00:59:00.000+07:00

In conventional scalp EEG, the recording is obtained by placing electrodes on the scalp with a conductive gel or paste, usually after preparing the scalp area by light abrasion to reduce impedance due to dead skin cells. Many systems typically use electrodes, each of which is attached to an individual wire. Some systems use caps or nets into which electrodes are embedded; this is particularly common when high-density arrays of electrodes are needed.

Electrode locations and names are specified by the International 10–20 system for most clinical and research applications (except when high-density arrays are used). This system ensures that the naming of electrodes is consistent across laboratories. In most clinical applications, 19 recording electrodes (plus ground and system reference) are used. A smaller number of electrodes are typically used when recording EEG from neonates. Additional electrodes can be added to the standard set-up when a clinical or research application demands increased spatial resolution for a particular area of the brain. High-density arrays (typically via cap or net) can contain up to 256 electrodes more-or-less evenly spaced around the scalp.

Each electrode is connected to one input of a differential amplifier (one amplifier per pair of electrodes); a common system reference electrode is connected to the other input of each differential amplifier. These amplifiers amplify the voltage between the active electrode and the reference (typically 1,000–100,000 times, or 60–100 dB of voltage gain). In analog EEG, the signal is then filtered (next paragraph), and the EEG signal is output as the deflection of pens as paper passes underneath. Most EEG systems these days, however, are digital, and the amplified signal is digitized via an analog-to-digital converter, after being passed through an anti-aliasing filter. Analog-to-digital sampling typically occurs at 256-512 Hz in clinical scalp EEG; sampling rates of up to 20 kHz are used in some research applications.

During the recording, a series of activation procedures may be used. These procedures may induce normal or abnormal EEG activity that might not otherwise be seen. These procedures include hyperventilation, photic stimulation (with a strobe light), eye closure, mental activity, sleep and sleep deprivation. During (inpatient) epilepsy monitoring, a patient's typical seizure medications may be withdrawn.

The digital EEG signal is stored electronically and can be filtered for display. Typical settings for the high-pass filter and a low-pass filter are 0.5-1 Hz and 35–70 Hz, respectively. The high-pass filter typically filters out slow artifact, such as electrogalvanic signals and movement artifact, whereas the low-pass filter filters out high-frequency artifacts, such as electromyographic signals. An additional notch filter is typically used to remove artifact caused by electrical power lines (60 Hz in the United States and 50 Hz in many other countries).

As part of an evaluation for epilepsy surgery, it may be necessary to insert electrodes near the surface of the brain, under the surface of the dura mater. This is accomplished via burr hole or craniotomy. This is referred to variously as "electrocorticography (ECoG)", "intracranial EEG (I-EEG)" or "subdural EEG (SD-EEG)". Depth electrodes may also be placed into brain structures, such as the amygdala or hippocampus, structures which are common epileptic foci and may not be "seen" clearly by scalp EEG. The electrocorticographic signal is processed in the same manner as digital scalp EEG (above), with a couple of caveats. ECoG is typically recorded at higher sampling rates than scalp EEG because of the requirements of Nyquist theorem—the subdural signal is composed of a higher predominance of higher frequency components. Also, many of the artifacts which affect scalp EEG do not impact ECoG, and therefore display filtering is often not needed.

A typical adult human EEG signal is about 10µV to 100 µV in amplitude when measured from the scalp [2] and is about 10–20 mV when measured from subdural electrodes.

Since an EEG voltage signal represents a difference between the voltages at two electrodes, the display of the EEG for the reading encephalographer may be set up in one of several ways. The representation of the EEG channels is referred to as a montage.

Bipolar montage
Each channel (i.e., waveform) represents the difference between two adjacent electrodes. The entire montage consists of a series of these channels. For example, the channel "Fp1-F3" represents the difference in voltage between the Fp1 electrode and the F3 electrode. The next channel in the montage, "F3-C3," represents the voltage difference between F3 and C3, and so on through the entire array of electrodes.

Referential montage
Each channel represents the difference between a certain electrode and a designated reference electrode. There is no standard position at which this reference is always placed; it is, however, at a different position than the "recording" electrodes. Midline positions are often used because they do not amplify the signal in one hemisphere vs. the other. Another popular reference is "linked ears," which is a physical or mathematical average of electrodes attached to both earlobes or mastoids.

Average reference montage
The outputs of all of the amplifiers are summed and averaged, and this averaged signal is used as the common reference for each channel.

Laplacian montage
Each channel represents the difference between an electrode and a weighted average of the surrounding electrodes.

When analog (paper) EEGs are used, the technologist switches between montages during the recording in order to highlight or better characterize certain features of the EEG. With digital EEG, all signals are typically digitized and stored in a particular (usually referential) montage; since any montage can be constructed mathematically from any other, the EEG can be viewed by the electroencephalographer in any display montage that is desired.

The EEG is read by a neurologist, optimally one who has specific training in the interpretation of EEGs. This is done by visual inspection of the waveforms. The use of computer signal processing of the EEG—so-called quantitative EEG—is somewhat controversial when used for clinical purposes (although there are many research uses).

Limitations

EEG has several limitations. Most important is its poor spatial resolution. EEG is most sensitive to a particular set of post-synaptic potentials: those which are generated in superficial layers of the cortex, on the crests of gyri directly abutting the skull and radial to the skull. Dendrites which are deeper in the cortex, inside sulci, in midline or deep structures (such as the cingulate gyrus or hippocampus), or producing currents which are tangential to the skull, have far less contribution to the EEG signal.

The meninges, cerebrospinal fluid and skull "smear" the EEG signal, obscuring its intracranial source.

It is mathematically impossible to reconstruct a unique intracranial current source for a given EEG signal, as some currents produce potentials that cancel each other out. This is referred to as the inverse problem. However, much work has been done to produce remarkably good estimates of, at least, a localized electric dipole that represents the recorded currents.

EEG vs fMRI and PET

EEG has several strong sides as a tool of exploring brain activity; for example, its time resolution is very high (on the level of a single millisecond). Other methods of looking at brain activity, such as PET and fMRI have time resolution between seconds and minutes. EEG measures the brain's electrical activity directly, while other methods record changes in blood flow (e.g., SPECT, fMRI) or metabolic activity (e.g., PET), which are indirect markers of brain electrical activity. EEG can be used simultaneously with fMRI so that high-temporal-resolution data can be recorded at the same time as high-spatial-resolution data, however, since the data derived from each occurs over a different time course, the data sets do not necessarily represent the exact same brain activity. There are technical difficulties associated with combining these two modalities, including the need to remove the MRI gradient artifact present during MRI acquisition and the ballistocardiographic artifact (resulting from the pulsatile motion of blood and tissue) from the EEG. Furthermore, currents can be induced in moving EEG electrode wires due to the magnetic field of the MRI.

EEG can be recorded at the same time as MEG so that data from these complimentary high-time-resolution techniques can be combined.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

2009-05-09T00:57:00.000+07:00

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a short period of time, usually 20–40 minutes, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. In neurology, the main diagnostic application of EEG is in the case of epilepsy, as epileptic activity can create clear abnormalities on a standard EEG study. A secondary clinical use of EEG is in the diagnosis of coma and encephalopathies. EEG used to be a first-line method for the diagnosis of tumors, stroke and other focal brain disorders, but this use has decreased with the advent of anatomical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT.

Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory). Event-related potentials refer to averaged EEG responses that are time-locked to more complex processing of stimuli; this technique is used in cognitive science, cognitive psychology, and psychophysiological research.

Source of EEG activity

The electrical activity of the brain can be described in spatial scales from the currents within a single dendritic spine to the relatively gross potentials that the EEG records from the scalp, much the same way that the economics can be studied from the level of a single individual's personal finances to the macro-economics of nations. Neurons, or nerve cells, are electrically active cells which are primarily responsible for carrying out the brain's functions. Neurons create action potentials, which are discrete electrical signals that travel down axons and cause the release of chemical neurotransmitters at the synapse, which is an area of near contact between two neurons. This neurotransmitter then fits into a receptor in the dendrite or body of the neuron that is on the other side of the synapse, the post-synaptic neuron. The neurotransmitter, when combined with the receptor, typically causes an electrical current within dendrite or body of the post-synaptic neuron. Thousands of post-synaptic currents from a single neuron's dendrites and body then sum up to cause the neuron to generate an action potential (or not). This neuron then synapses on other neurons, and so on.

It is generally accepted that the activity measured by EEG are electrical potentials created by the post-synaptic currents, rather than by action potentials. More specifically, the scalp electrical potentials that produce EEG are due to the extracellular ionic currents caused by dendritic electrical activity (whereas the fields producing magnetoencephalographic signals are associated with intracellular ionic currents).

Although post-synaptic potentials generate the EEG signal, it is not possible for a scalp EEG to assess the activity within a single dendrite or neuron. Rather, a surface EEG reading is the summation of the synchronous activity of thousands or millions of neurons that have similar spatial orientation, radial to the scalp. Currents that are tangential to the scalp are not picked up by the EEG. The EEG therefore benefits from the parallel, radial arrangement of apical dendrites in the cortex. Because voltage fields fall off with the fourth power of the radius, activity from deep sources is more difficult to detect than currents near the skull.[1]

Scalp EEG activity shows oscillations at a variety of frequencies. Several of these oscillations have characteristic frequency ranges, spatial distributions and are associated with different states of brain functioning (e.g., waking and the various sleep stages). These oscillations represent synchronized activity over a network of neurons. The neuronal networks underlying some of these oscillations are understood (e.g., the thalamocortical resonance underlying sleep spindles), while many others are not (e.g., the system that generates the posterior basic rhythm).

[edit] Clinical use

A routine clinical EEG recording typically lasts 20-40 minutes (plus preparation time) and usually involves recording from 25 scalp electrodes. Routine EEG is typically used in the following clinical circumstances:

* to distinguish epileptic seizures from other types of spells, such as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, syncope (fainting), sub-cortical movement disorders and migraine variants.
* to differentiate "organic" encephalopathy or delirium from primary psychiatric syndromes such as catatonia
* to serve as an adjunct test of brain death
* to prognosticate, in certain instances, in patients with coma

At times, a routine EEG is not sufficient, particularly when it is necessary to record a patient while he/she is having a seizure. In this case, the patient may be admitted to the hospital for days or even weeks, while EEG is constantly being recorded (along with time-synchronized video and audio recording). A recording of an actual seizure (i.e., an ictal recording, rather than an inter-ictal recording of a possibly epileptic patient at some period between seizures) can give significantly better information about whether or not a spell is an epileptic seizure and the focus in the brain from which the seizure activity eminates.

Epilepsy monitoring is typically done

* to distinguish epileptic seizures from other types of spells, such as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, syncope (fainting), sub-cortical movement disorders and migraine variants.
* to characterize seizures for the purposes of treatment
* to localize the region of brain from which a seizure originates for work-up of possible seizure surgery

Additionally, EEG may be used to monitor certain procedures:

* to monitor the depth of anesthesia
* as an indirect indicator of cerebral perfusion in carotid endarterectomy
* to monitor amobarbital effect during the Wada test

EEG can also be used in intensive care units for brain function monitoring:

* to monitor for non-convulsive seizures/non-convulsive status epilepticus
* to monitor the effect of sedative/anesthesia in patients in medically induced coma (for treatment of refractory seizures or increased intracranial pressure)
* to monitor for secondary brain damage in conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (currently a research method)

If a patient with epilepsy is being considered for resective surgery, it is often necessary to localize the focus (source) of the epileptic brain activity with a resolution greater than what is provided by scalp EEG. This is because the cerebrospinal fluid, skull and scalp smear the electrical potentials recorded by scalp EEG. In these cases, neurosurgeons typically implant strips and grids of electrodes (or penetrating depth electodes) under the dura mater, through either a craniotomy or a burr hole. The recording of these signals is referred to as electrocorticography (ECoG}, subdural EEG (sdEEG) or intracranial EEG (icEEG)--all terms for the same thing. The signal recorded from ECoG is on a different scale of activity than the brain activity recorded from scalp EEG. Low voltage, high frequency components that cannot be seen easily (or at all) in scalp EEG can be seen clearly in ECoG. Further, smaller electrodes (which cover a smaller parcel of brain suface) allow even lower voltage, faster components of brain activity to be seen. Some clinical sites record from penetrating microelectrodes.

Clairvoyance - Terawang Jagad

2009-05-08T00:53:00.000+07:00

The term Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning " vision") is used to refer to the ability to gain information about an object, person, location or physical event through means other than the known human senses, a form of extra-sensory perception. A person said to have the ability of clairvoyance is referred to as a clairvoyant ("one who sees clearly").

Claims for the existence of paranormal psychic abilities such as clairvoyance are highly controversial. Parapsychology explores this possibility, but the existence of the paranormal is not universally accepted by the scientific community.

Usage

Within parapsychology, clairvoyance is used exclusively to refer to the transfer of information that is both contemporary to, and hidden from, the clairvoyant. It is very different from telepathy in that the information is said to be gained directly from an external physical source, rather than being transferred from the mind of one individual to another.

Outside of parapsychology, clairvoyance is often used to refer to other forms of anomalous cognition, most commonly the perception of events that have occurred in the past, or which will occur in the future (known as retrocognition and precognition respectively), or to refer to communications with the dead (see Mediumship).

Clairvoyance is related to remote viewing, although the term "remote viewing" itself is not as widely applicable to clairvoyance because it refers to a specific controlled process.

Status of clairvoyance

Within the field of parapsychology, there is a consensus that some instances of clairvoyance are verifiable. There is also a measured level of belief from amongst the general public, with the portion of the US population who believe in clairvoyance varying between 1/4 and 1/3 over the 15 year period from 1990 to 2005.
Year Belief
1990 26%
2000 32%
2005 26%

The concept of clairvoyance gained some support from the US and Russian governments both during and after the Cold War, and both governments made several attempts to harness it as an intelligence gathering tool.

According to skeptics, clairvoyance is the result of fraud, self-delusion,[4] Barnum effects, confirmatory biases, or failures to appreciate the base rate of chance occurrences. For example, in a scientific experiment of clairvoyance, a purported clairvoyant participant will inevitably make correct guesses some of the time (i.e., during some of the trials within the same experiment), simply because of chance. Furthermore, because of the nature of the statistical tests used by experimenters, a very small proportion of all experiments conducted will yield an overall statistically significant result (suggesting that clairvoyance took place at above-chance levels), again simply because of chance. A proper summary of the experimental evidence on clairvoyance should include a summary of all experiments that were conducted, taking into account their probabilities of turning out false positive and false negative results, and making sure that studies are not included in the review selectively. Some researchers on clairvoyance have tended to purposefully exclude negative findings from their reviews, thus biasing their own conclusions.

Clairvoyance and related phenomena throughout history

There have been anecdotal reports of clairvoyance and 'clear' abilities throughout history in most cultures. Often clairvoyance has been associated with religious or shamanic figures, offices and practices. For example, ancient Hindu religious texts list clairvoyance amongst other forms of 'clear' experiencing, as siddhis, or 'perfections', skills that are yielded through appropriate meditation and personal discipline. But a large number of anecdotal accounts of clairvoyance are of the spontaneous variety among the general populace. For example, many people report seeing a loved one who has recently died before they have learned by other means that their loved one is deceased. While anecdotal accounts do not provide scientific proof of clairvoyance, such common experiences continue to motivate research into such phenomena.

The earliest record of somnambulistic clairvoyance is credited to the Marquis de Puységur, a follower of Mesmer, who in 1784 was treating a local dull-witted peasant named Victor Race. During treatment, Race reportedly would go into trance and undergo a personality change, becoming fluent and articulate, and giving diagnosis and prescription for his own disease as well as those of others. When he came out of the trance state he would be unaware of anything he had said or done. This behavior is somewhat reminiscent of the reported behaviors of the 20th century medical clairvoyant and psychic Edgar Cayce. It is reported that although Puységur used the term 'clairvoyance', he did not think of these phenomena as "paranormal", since he accepted mesmerism as one of the natural sciences.

Clairvoyance was a reported ability of some mediums during the spiritualist period of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was one of the phenomena studied by members of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR). Psychics of many descriptions have claimed clairvoyant ability up to the present day.

While experimental research into clairvoyance began with SPR researchers, experimental studies became more systematic with the efforts of J. B. Rhine and his associates at Duke University, and such research efforts continue to the present day. Perhaps the best-known study of clairvoyance in recent times was the US government-funded remote viewing project at SRI/SAIC during the 1970s through the mid-1990s.

Some parapsychologists have proposed that our different functional labels (clairvoyance, telepathy, precognition, etc.) all refer to one basic underlying mechanism, although there is not yet any satisfactory theory for what that mechanism may be.

Parapsychological research

Parapsychological research studies of remote viewing and clairvoyance have produced favorable results significantly above chance, and meta-analysis of these studies increases the significance. For instance, at the Stanford Research Institute, in 1972, Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ initiated a series of human subject studies to determine whether participants (the viewers or percipients) could reliably identify and accurately describe salient features of remote locations or targets. In the early studies, a human sender was typically present at the remote location, as part of the experiment protocol. A three-step process was used, the first step being to randomly select the target conditions to be experienced by the senders. Secondly, in the viewing step, participants were asked to verbally express or sketch their impressions of the remote scene. Thirdly, in the judging step, these descriptions were matched by separate judges, as closely as possible, with the intended targets. The term remote viewing was coined to describe this overall process.

In order to explore the nature of remote viewing channel, the viewer in some experiments was secured in a double-walled copper-screened Faraday cage. Although this provided attenuation of radio signals over a broad range of frequencies, the researchers found that it did not alter the subject's remote viewing capability. They postulated that extremely low frequency (ELF) propagation might be involved, since Faraday cage screening is less effective in the ELF range. Such a hypothesis had previously been put forward by telepathy researchers in the Soviet Union.

The first paper by Puthoff and Targ on psychic research to appear in a mainstream peer-reviewed scientific journal was published in Nature in March 1974; in it, the team reported some degree of remote viewing success. One of the individuals involved in these initial studies at SRI was Uri Geller, a well-known celebrity psychic at the time. The research team reported witnessing some of Geller's trademark metal spoon-bending performances, but admitted that they were unable to conduct adequately controlled experiments to confirm any paranormal hypothesis about them.

Electroencephalography (EEG) techniques were also used by team to examine ESP phenomena. In these investigations, a sender, who was isolated in a visually opaque, electrically and acoustically shielded chamber, was stimulated at random by bursts of strobe-light flickers The experimenters reported that, for one receiver, differential alpha block on control and stimulus trials were observed, which showed that some information transfer had occurred. In contrast, this person's expressed statements of when the stimulus occurred were no different than that which would be expected by chance. The researches were unable to identify the physical parameters by which the EEG effect was mediated.
After the publication of these findings, various attempts to replicate the remote viewing findings were quickly carried out. Several of these follow-up studies, which involved viewing in group settings, reported some limited success. They included the use of face-to-face groups, and remotely-linked groups using computer conferencing.

The various debates in the mainstream scientific literature prompted the editors of 'Proceedings of the IEEE' to invite Robert Jahn, then Dean of the School of Engineering at Princeton University, to write a comprehensive review of psychic phenomena from an engineering perspective. His paper, published in February 1982, includes numerous references to remote viewing replication studies at the time.

Clairvoyance experiments involving Zener cards currently exist on the internet. One such online system, the Anima Project, gathers user results into a master database which is then analyzed using a variety of statistical techniques.

Extrasensory perception - Ilmu Terawang

2009-05-08T00:50:00.000+07:00

Extrasensory perception (ESP) (or extra-sensory perception) is the apparent ability to acquire information by paranormal means independent of any known physical senses or deduction from previous experience. The term was coined by Duke University researcher J. B. Rhine to denote psychic abilities such as telepathy, precognition, Retrocognition, Intuition and Psychokinesis. ESP is also sometimes casually referred to as a sixth sense, gut instinct or hunch . The term implies sources of information currently unexplained by science.

Parapsychology is the study of paranormal psychic phenomena, including ESP. Parapsychologists generally regard such tests as the ganzfeld experiment as providing compelling evidence for the existence of ESP. The scientific community does not accept this due to the disputed evidence base, the lack of a theory which would explain ESP, and the lack of experimental techniques which can provide reliably positive results.

History of ESP

The notion of extrasensory perception existed in antiquity. In many ancient cultures, such powers were ascribed to people who purported to use them for second sight or communicate with deities, ancestors, spirits, and the like.

Extrasensory perception and hypnosis

There is a common belief that a hypnotized person would be able to demonstrate ESP. Carl Sargent, a psychology major at the University of Cambridge, heard about the early claims of a hypnosis – ESP link and designed an experiment to test whether they had merit. He recruited 40 fellow college students, none of whom identified themselves as having ESP, and then divided them into a group that would be hypnotized before being tested with a pack of 25 Zener cards, and a control group that would be tested with the same Zener cards. The control subjects averaged a score of 5 out of 25 right, exactly what chance would indicate. The subjects who were hypnotized did more than twice as well, averaging a score of 11.9 out of 25 right. Sargent's own interpretation of the experiment is that ESP is associated with a relaxed state of mind and a freer, more atavistic level of consciousness.[citation needed]

J.B. Rhine

In the 1930s, at Duke University in North Carolina, J. B. Rhine and his wife Louisa tried to develop psychical research into an experimental science. To avoid the connotations of hauntings and the seance room, they renamed it "parapsychology." While Louisa Rhine concentrated on collecting accounts of spontaneous cases, J. B. Rhine worked largely in the laboratory, carefully defining terms such as ESP and psi and designing experiments to test them. A simple set of cards was developed, originally called Zener cards (after their designer)—now called ESP cards. They bear the symbols circle, square, wavy lines, cross, and star; there are five cards of each in a pack of 25.

In a telepathy experiment the "sender" looks at a series of cards while the "receiver" guesses the symbols. To try to observe clairvoyance, the pack of cards is hidden from everyone while the receiver guesses. To try to observe precognition, the order of the cards is determined after the guesses are made.

In all such experiments the order of the cards must be random so that hits are not obtained through systematic biases or prior knowledge. At first the cards were shuffled by hand, then by machine. Later, random number tables were used and, nowadays, computers. An advantage of ESP cards is that statistics can easily be applied to determine whether the number of hits obtained is higher than would be expected by chance. Rhine used ordinary people as subjects and claimed that, on average, they did significantly better than chance expectation. Later he used dice to test for psychokinesis and also claimed results that were better than chance.

In 1940, Rhine, J.G. Pratt, and others at Duke authored a review of all card-guessing experiments conducted internationally since 1882. Titled Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years, it has become recognised as the first meta-analysis in science.[8] It included details of replications of Rhine's studies. Through these years, 50 studies were published, of which 33 were contributed by investigators other than Rhine and the Duke University group; 61% of these independent studies reported significant results suggestive of ESP. Among these were psychologists at Colorado University and Hunter College, New York, who completed the studies with the largest number of trials and the highest levels of significance. Replication failures encouraged Rhine to further research into the conditions necessary to experimentally produce the effect. He maintained, however, that it was not replicability, or even a fundamental theory of ESP that would evolve research, but only a greater interest in unconscious mental processes and a more complete understanding of human personality.

Psychometry

2009-05-07T00:48:00.000+07:00

Psychometry (Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, "spirit, soul"; + μέτρον, metron, "measure") is a form of extra-sensory perception in which a psychic is said to be able to obtain information about an individual through paranormal means by making physical contact with an object that belongs to them. In recent years, the term has been superseded in favor of "token-object reading" so as to avoid potential confusion with the psychological term, "psychometry".

The term psychometry was coined by Joseph Rodes Buchanan in 1842. Buchanan developed the theory that all things give off an emanation.

"The past is entombed in the present, the world is its own enduring monument; and that which is true of its physical is likewise true of its mental career. The discoveries of Psychometry will enable us to explore the history of man, as those of geology enable us to explore the history of the earth. There are mental fossils for psychologists as well as mineral fossils for the geologists; and I believe that hereafter the psychologist and the geologist will go hand in hand, the one portraying the earth, its animals and its vegetation, while the other portrays the human beings who have roamed over its surface in the shadows, and the darkness of primeval barbarism. Aye, the mental telescope is now discovered which may pierce the depths of the past and bring us in full view of the grand and tragic passages of ancient history."

The concept of psychometry is a popular theme for stage act and Séance; with participants being asked to provide a personal object to be "read" by a medium or psychic. It was used as the basis for Johnny Smith's visions in Stephen King's 1979 novel The Dead Zone and its subsequent 2002 television adaption.

Aura (paranormal)

2009-05-07T00:45:00.000+07:00

In parapsychology and many forms of spiritual practice, an aura is a field of subtle, luminous radiation supposedly surrounding a person or object like the halo or aureola of religious art. The depiction of such an aura in religious art usually connotes a person of particular power or holiness.

According to the literature of Theosophy, Anthroposophy, and Archeosophy, each color of the aura has a precise meaning, indicating a precise emotional state. A complete description of the Aura and its colors was provided by Charles Leadbeater, a theosophist of the 19th century. The works of Leadbeater were later developed by Palamidessi and others.

Skeptics such as Robert Todd Carroll contend that auras may be seen for explainable reasons such as migraines or synesthesia. Some people see auras as the result of a migraine, epilepsy, a visual system disorder, or a brain disorder. Eye fatigue can also produce an aura, sometimes referred to as eye burn.

W.E. Butler has connected auras with clairvoyance and etheric, mental, and emotional emanations. He classifies aura into two main types: etheric and spiritual. Robert Bruce classifies auras into three types: etheric, main, and spiritual. Various books have been written that derive various personality traits based upon the specific colors of the different layers of the aura. Auras are thought to be related to the etheric subtle body and to serve as a visual measure of the state of the health of the physical body. Auras are not thought to be actual light but a translation of other unknown sensory readings that is added to our visual processing. According to Bruce they are not seen in complete darkness and cannot be seen unless some portion of the person or object emitting the aura can also be seen.
Testing

Recognition of auras has occasionally been scientifically tested. One test involved an aura reader standing on one side of a room with an opaque partition separating her from a number of slots which might contain either actual people or mannequins. The aura reader failed to identify the slots containing people, incorrectly stating that all contained people.

In another test, which was televised, another aura reader was placed before a partition where five people were standing. He claimed that he could see their auras from behind the partition. As each person moved out, the reader was asked to identify where that person was standing behind the slot. He identified only 2 out of 5 correctly.

Radiesthesia

2009-05-06T00:43:00.000+07:00

Radiesthesia is the paranormal or parapsychological ability to detect "radiation" within the human body. According to the theory, all human bodies give off unique or characteristic "radiations" as do all other physical bodies or objects. Such radiations are often termed an "aura".

A practitioner of radiestheisa believes in his or her ability to detect the interplay of these radiations. Thus radiesthesia is cited as the explanation of such phenomena as dowsing by rods and pendulums in order to locate buried substances, diagnose illnesses, and the like.

The term radiesthesia first entered English in the 1930s and was borrowed from the earlier French radiésthesie. The English word is a compound of the prefix radi(o)-, referring to radiation and the rare term aesthesia meaning "perception by the senses", or "the capacity for feeling or sensation", which comes from the ancient Greek aisthesis "a perceiving".

Dr. Solcol W. Tromp wrote about radiesthesia in his 1949 book Psychical Physics. This reference has a bibliography of over 700 titles relating to dowsing and radiesthesia.

Gerald Gardner, in his book Witchcraft Today, 1954, refers to his own anecdotal experiences with radiesthesia as evidence supporting the existence of "Witch Power".

The Pendulum is a monthly publication devoted to radiesthesia. There are other periodicals, publications, books, societies and numerous websites on the topic.

Scientific tests by establishment figures claim to disprove the effectiveness of radiesthesia.

Telepathy

2009-05-06T00:40:00.000+07:00

Telepathy (Greek τηλε, tele meaning "distant" and πάθεια, patheia meaning "to be affected by") describes the purported transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the five classical senses (See Psi). The term was coined in 1882 by the classical scholar Fredric W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research, specifically to replace the earlier expression thought-transference. A person who is able to make use of telepathy is said to be able to read the minds of others. Telepathy, along with psychokinesis forms the main branches of parapsychological research, and many studies seeking to detect and understand telepathy have been done within the field.

Telepathy is a common theme in fiction and science fiction, with many superheroes and supervillains having telepathic abilities. Such abilities include sensing the thoughts of others. Some Transhumanists believe that technologically enabled telepathy, called "techlepathy", will exist in the future of humanity, and seek to develop practical machines for this.

Telepathy in popular culture

Literature

Telepathy is commonly used in fiction, with a number of superheroes and supervillains, as well as figures in many science fiction novels, etc., use telepathy. Notable fictional telepaths include the Jedi in Star Wars. The mechanics of telepathy in fiction vary widely. Some fictional telepaths are limited to receiving only thoughts that are deliberately sent by other telepaths, or even to receiving thoughts from a specific other person. For example, in Robert A. Heinlein's 1956 novel Time for the Stars, certain pairs of twins are able to send telepathic messages to each other. Some telepaths can read the thoughts only of those they touch, such as Vulcans in the Star Trek media franchise. At the opposite end of the spectrum, some telepathic characters continuously sense the thoughts of those around them and may control or dampen this ability only with difficulty, or not at all, such as in Scanners. In such cases,telepathy is often portrayed as a mixed blessing or as a curse.

Some writers view telepathy as the evolutionary destiny of humanity. In Tony Vigorito's novel, Just a Couple of Days, telepathy emerges across the entire human species as a result of the Pied Piper Virus, which inadvertently eliminated humanity's symbolic capacity. In this instance, telepathy is seen as a latent ability that emerges only when the distractions of language are bypassed.

Some fictional telepaths possess mind control abilities, which can include "pushing" thoughts, feelings, or hallucinatory visions into the mind of another person, causing pain, paralysis, or unconsciousness, altering or erasing memories, or completely taking over another person's mind and body (similar to spiritual possession). Examples of this type of telepath include the Carpathians from the novels in the Dark Series, the White Queen from Marvel Comics. Characters with this ability may or may not also have the ability to read thoughts. The Urdu novel "Devta" is based on the character of Farhad Ali Taimur, a telepath and involves in the fight of good and evil. Devta is the longest continuously-published novel in history.

Telepathing - same meaning as to telepath, only different verb tense.

Technological Telepathy is also present in science fiction, typically involving the usage of neural implants of some description. A good example is the Conjoiners in the Revelation Space series by Alastair Reynolds. Conjoiners rely on their technological telepathy (referred to by them as "Transenlightenment") to the extent that they no longer actually speak. Certain Conjoiners are able to read, attack and control the minds of other Conjoiners and machines (though not standard humans) using digital attacks, often having similar effects to other telepaths in fiction.

See also a composite list of fictional characters with telepathy.

Technologically enabled telepathy
Converging Technologies, a 2002 report exploring the potential for synergy among nano-, bio-, informational and cognitive technologies (NBIC) for enhancing human performance.

Some people, occasionally referred to by themselves or others as "transhumanists", believe that technologically enabled telepathy, coined "techlepathy","synthetic telepathy",or "psychotronics", will be the inevitable future of humanity. Kevin Warwick of the University of Reading, England is one of the leading proponents of this view and has based all of his recent cybernetics research around developing practical, safe technology for directly connecting human nervous systems together with computers and with each other. He believes techno-enabled telepathy will in the future become the primary form of human communication. He predicts that this will happen by means of the principle of natural selection, through which nearly everyone will have the need for such technology for economic and social reasons.
Further information: Brain-computer interface

Telepathy in parapsychology
Main articles: Scientific investigation of telepathy, Parapsychology, and Ganzfeld experiment

Within the field of parapsychology, telepathy is considered to be a form of extra-sensory perception (ESP) or anomalous cognition in which information is transferred through Psi. It is often categorized similarly to precognition and clairvoyance.[6] Various experiments have been used to test for telepathic abilities. Among the most well known are the use of Zener cards and the Ganzfeld experiment.
Zener cards

Zener cards are cards marked with five distinctive symbols. When using them, one individual is designated the "sender" and another the "receiver". The sender must select a random card and visualize the symbol on it, while the receiver must attempt to determine that symbol using Psi. Statistically, the receiver has a 20% chance of randomly guessing the correct symbol, so in order to demonstrate telepathy, they must repeatedly score a success rate that is significantly higher than 20%. If not conducted properly, this method can be vulnerable to sensory leakage and card counting.

When using the Ganzfeld experiment to test for telepathy, one individual is designated the receiver and is placed inside a controlled environment where they are deprived of sensory input, and another is designated the sender and is placed in a separate location. The receiver is then required to receive information from the sender. The exact nature of the information may vary between experiments.

Types of telepathy

Parapsychology describes several different forms of telepathy, including latent telepathy and precognitive telepathy.

Latent Telepathy, formerly known as "deferred telepathy", is described as being the transfer of information, through Psi, with an observable time-lag between transmission and receipt.

Precognitive Telepathy is described as being the transfer of information, through Psi, about the future state of an individual's mind

Emotive Telepathy, also known as remote influence or emotional transfer, is the process of transferring kinesthetic sensations through altered states.

Superconscious Telepathy, involves tapping into the superconscious to access the collective wisdom of the human species for knowledge.

Astral projection

2009-05-05T00:36:00.000+07:00

Astral projection (or astral travel) refers to episodes of out-of-body experiences perceived as unfolding in environments other than the physical world, by an astral counterpart of the physical body that separates from it and travels to one or more astral planes. Astral projection is experienced as being "out of the body". Unlike dreaming or near death experiences, astral projection may be practiced deliberately.

Descriptions of such experiences are found in common worldwide religious accounts of the afterlife, with the soul's journey or "ascent" being described in such terms as "an...out-of-body experience" wherein the spiritual traveller leaves the physical body and travels in his/her subtle body (or dreambody or astral body) into ‘other’ realms."

There is limited scientific evidence regarding the validity of astral projection, and more typically reports of such experiences are subjective and anecdotal. The belief that one has had an out-of-body experience, whether spoken of as "astral projection" or not, is common. Hundreds of personal accounts of astral projection were published in a number of books through the 1960s and 70s. Surveys have reported percentages ranging from 8% (as much as 50% in certain groups of respondents) who state they have had such an experience. Because of the subjective nature of the experience, however, there are a number of materialist explanations that do not rely on the existence of an "astral" body and plane.

Beliefs
Astral projection or travel denotes the astral body or double leaving the physical body to travel in the astral plane. According to classical, medieval, renaissance Neoplatonist, later Theosophist and Rosicrucian philosophy, the astral body is an intermediate body of light linking the rational soul to the physical body, and the astral plane is an intermediate world of light between Heaven and Earth composed of the spheres of the planets and stars. These astral spheres were held to be populated by gods, angels, demons and spirits.

The subtle bodies, and their associated planes of existence, form an essential part of the esoteric systems that deal with astral phenomena. In the neo-platonism of Plotinus, for example, the individual is a microcosm ("small world") of the universe (the macrocosm or "great world"). "The rational soul...is akin to the great Soul of the World" while "the material universe, like the body, is made as a faded image of the Intelligible". Each succeeding plane of manifestation is causal to the next, a world-view called emanationism; "from the One proceeds Intellect, from Intellect Soul, and from Soul - in its lower phase, or Nature - the material universe".Often these bodies and their corresponding planes of existence are depicted as a series of concentric circles or nested spheres, with a separate body traversing each realm.

Similar concepts of "soul" travel appear in various other religious traditions, for example ancient Egyptian teachings present the soul as having the ability to hover outside the physical body in the ka, or subtle body.[13] A common belief is that the subtle body is attached to the physical body by means of a psychic silver cord.

The idea of the astral figured prominently in the work of the ninteteenth-century French occultist Eliphas Levi, whence it was adopted by Theosophy and Golden Dawn magical society. The Theosophists also took note of similar ideas (Lin'ga S'ari-ra) found in ancient Hindu scriptures such as the YogaVashishta-Maharamayana of Valmiki.

However, the expression "astral projection" came to be used in two different ways. For the Golden Dawn[16] and some Theosophists[17] it retained the classical and mediaeval philosophers' meaning of journeying to other worlds, heavens, hells, the astrological spheres and other imaginal[18] landscapes, but outside these circles the term was increasingly applied to non-physical travel around the physical world rather than the astral[19]. Though this usage continues to be widespread, the "etheric travel" label coined by later Theosophists such as Leadbetter and Bailey[citation needed] is more appropriate to such scenarios.
The Subtle body and the cosmic man, Nepal 1600's

Astral projection

Commonly in the astral projection experience, the experiencer describes themselves as being in a domain which often has no parallel to any physical setting, although they say they can visit different times and/or physical settings. Environments may be populated or unpopulated, artificial, natural or completely abstract and from beatific to horrific. A common belief is that one may access a compendium of mystical knowledge called the Akashic records. In many of these accounts, the experiencer correlates the astral world with the world of dreams. They report seeing dreamers enact dream scenarios on the astral plane, unaware of the wider environment around them. Some also state that "falling" dreams are brought about by projection.

The astral environment is often theoretically divided into levels or planes. There are many different views concerning the overall structure of the astral planes in various traditions. These planes may include heavens and hells and other after-death spheres, transcendent environments or other less-easily characterized states.

Etheric projection

In contrast to astral projection, etheric projection is described as the ability to move about in the material world in an etheric body which is usually, though not always, invisible to people who are presently "in their bodies." Robert Monroe describes this type of projection as a projection to "Locale I" or the "Here-Now", and describes it as containing people and places that he feels actually exist in the material world.[24] Robert Bruce refers to a similar area as the "Real Time Zone" (RTZ) and describes it as the nonphysical, dimension-level closest to the physical.

According to Max Heindel, the etheric "double" serves as a medium between the astral and physical realms. In his system, the ether, also called prana, is the "vital force" that empowers the physical forms in order for that change to take place. From his descriptions it can be inferred that when one views the physical during an out-of-body experience, one is not technically "in" the astral realm at all.

The subtle vehicle remains connected to the physical body during the separation by a so-called “silver cord”, said to be that mentioned in Ecclesiastes 12:6.

Stephen LaBerge suggested in his 1985 book Lucid Dreaming that all such "out-of-body experiences" may represent partially lucid dreams or "misinterpreted dream experiences", in which the sleeper does not fully recognize the situation. "In the dark forest, one may experience a tree as a tiger, but it is still in fact only a tree." Applying identical reasoning to waking consciousness, real life could be a dream too (see Descartes' Evil daemon).

Representations in popular culture

One of the earliest mainstream portrayals of such experiences is a 1936 Mickey Mouse animation short, Thru the Mirror[28]. In it, Mickey's consciousness is shown as rousing while his body still sleeps, leaving the bed and then climbing through his mantelpiece mirror to a parallel Carrollian version of his room. With perfect timing, it later reintegrates with his sleeping body just as his alarm clock rings. Also, in the series Charmed, Prudence "Prue" Halliwell, played by actress Shannen Doherty, was a powerful good witch that possessed the power to astral project.

Parapsychology

2009-05-05T00:23:00.001+07:00

Parapsychology is a discipline that seeks to investigate the existence and causes of psychic abilities and life after death using the scientific method.
Parapsychological experiments have included the use of random number generators to test for evidence of precognition and psychokinesis with both human and animal subjects, sensory-deprivation and Ganzfeld experiments to test for extrasensory perception, and research trials conducted under contract to the United States government to investigate whether remote viewing would provide useful intelligence information. The results of such experiments are regarded by some parapsychologists as having demonstrated the existence of some forms of psychic abilities.

In contrast, the consensus of the scientific community is that psychic abilities have not been demonstrated to exist. Critics argue that methodological flaws may explain any apparent experimental successes. The status of parapsychology as a science has also been disputed.[12] Many scientists regard the discipline as pseudoscience because parapsychologists continue investigation although no one has demonstrated conclusive evidence of psychic abilities in more than a century of research.

Laboratory and field research is conducted through private institutions and a relatively small number of universities worldwide. Privately-funded units at universities in the United Kingdom are among the most active today. In the US, interest in research peaked in the 1970s and university-based research is now slight, although private institutions still receive considerable funding. Much of the recent parapsychology research is published in journals dedicated to the field

Terminology

The term parapsychology was coined in or around 1889 by psychologist Max Dessoir. It was adopted by J.B. Rhine in the 1930s as a replacement for the term psychical research, to indicate a significant shift toward laboratory methodologies in their work.[20] The term originates from the Greek: παρά para meaning "alongside", and psychology. Parapsychologists call the psychic phenomena that they search for psi, a term intended to be descriptive without implying a mechanism.

History of Parapsychology

Early psychical research
American psychologist and philosopher William James (1842–1910) was an early psychical researcher.

The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) was founded in London in 1882. The formation of the SPR was the first systematic effort to organize scientists and scholars for a critical and sustained investigation of paranormal phenomena. The early membership of the SPR included philosophers, scholars, scientists, educators and politicians, such as Henry Sidgwick, Arthur Balfour, William Crookes, Rufus Osgood Mason and Charles Richet.
The SPR classified its subjects of study into several areas: telepathy, hypnotism, Reichenbach's phenomena, apparitions, haunts, and the physical aspects of Spiritualism such as table-tilting and the appearance of matter from unknown sources, otherwise known as materialization. One of the first collaborative efforts of the SPR was its Census of Hallucinations, which researched apparitional experiences and hallucinations in the sane. The census was the Society's first attempt at a statistical evaluation of paranormal phenomena, and the resulting publication in 1886, Phantasms of the Living is still widely referenced in parapsychological literature today. The SPR became the model for similar societies in other European countries and the United States during the late 19th century. Largely due to the support of psychologist William James, the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) opened its doors in New York City in 1885.

Today, the SPR and ASPR continue the investigation of psi phenomena. The SPR's purpose, stated in every issue of its Journal, is "to examine without prejudice or prepossession and in a scientific spirit those faculties of man, real or supposed, which appear to be inexplicable on any generally recognized hypothesis."

Rhine era

In 1911, Stanford University became the first academic institution in the United States to study extrasensory perception (ESP) and psychokinesis (PK) in a laboratory setting. The effort was headed by psychologist John Edgar Coover. In 1930, Duke University became the second major U.S. academic institution to engage in the critical study of ESP and psychokinesis in the laboratory. Under the guidance of psychologist William McDougall, and with the help of others in the department—including psychologists Karl Zener, Joseph B. Rhine, and Louisa E. Rhine—laboratory ESP experiments using volunteer subjects from the undergraduate student body began. As opposed to the approaches of psychical research, which generally sought qualitative evidence for paranormal phenomena, the experiments at Duke University proffered a quantitative, statistical approach using cards and dice. As a consequence of the ESP experiments at Duke, standard laboratory procedures for the testing of ESP developed and came to be adopted by interested researchers throughout the world.

The publication of J.B. Rhine's book, New Frontiers of the Mind (1937) brought the laboratory's findings to the general public. In his book, Rhine popularized the word "parapsychology," which psychologist Max Dessoir had coined over 40 years earlier, to describe the research conducted at Duke. Rhine also founded an autonomous Parapsychology Laboratory within Duke and started the Journal of Parapsychology, which he co-edited with McDougall.

The parapsychology experiments at Duke evoked much criticism from academic psychologists who challenged the concepts and evidence of ESP. Rhine and his colleagues attempted to address these criticisms through new experiments, articles, and books, and summarized the state of the criticism along with their responses in the book Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years.

The administration of Duke grew less sympathetic to parapsychology, and after Rhine's retirement in 1965 parapsychological links with the university were broken. Rhine later established the Foundation for Research on the Nature of Man (FRNM) and the Institute for Parapsychology as a successor to the Duke laboratory. In 1995, the centenary of Rhine's birth, the FRNM was renamed the Rhine Research Center. Today, the Rhine Research Center is a parapsychology research unit, stating that it "aims to improve the human condition by creating a scientific understanding of those abilities and sensitivities that appear to transcend the ordinary limits of space and time.

Establishment of the Parapsychological Association

The Parapsychological Association (PA) was created in Durham, North Carolina, on June 19, 1957. Its formation was proposed by J. B. Rhine at a workshop on parapsychology which was held at the Parapsychology Laboratory of Duke University. Rhine proposed that the group form itself into the nucleus of an international professional society in parapsychology. The aim of the organization, as stated in its Constitution, became "to advance parapsychology as a science, to disseminate knowledge of the field, and to integrate the findings with those of other branches of science".

Under the direction of anthropologist Margaret Mead, the Parapsychological Association took a large step in advancing the field of parapsychology in 1969 when it became affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the largest general scientific society in the world. In 1979, physicist John A. Wheeler argued that parapsychology is pseudoscientific, and that the affiliation of the PA to the AAAS needed to be reconsidered. His challenge to parapsychology's AAAS affiliation was unsuccessful. Today, the PA consists of about three hundred full, associate, and affiliated members worldwide and maintains its affiliation with the AAAS. The annual AAAS convention provides a forum where parapsychologists can present their research to scientists from other fields and advance parapsychology in the context of the AAAS's lobbying on national science policy.

Decade of increased research (1970s)

The affiliation of the Parapsychological Association (PA) with the American Association for the Advancement of Science, along with a general openness to psychic and occult phenomena in the 1970s, led to a decade of increased parapsychological research. During this period, other notable organizations were also formed, including the Academy of Parapsychology and Medicine (1970), the Institute of Parascience (1971), the Academy of Religion and Psychical Research, the Institute of Noetic Sciences (1973), the International Kirlian Research Association (1975), and the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory (1979). Parapsychological work was also conducted at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) during this time.

The scope of parapsychology expanded during these years. Psychiatrist Ian Stevenson conducted much of his controversial research into reincarnation during the 1970s. Psychologist Thelma Moss devoted time to the study of Kirlian photography at UCLA's parapsychology laboratory. The influx of spiritual teachers from Asia, and their claims of abilities produced by meditation, led to research on altered states of consciousness. American Society for Psychical Research Director of Research, Karlis Osis, conducted experiments in out of body, and astral beaconing[clarification needed]. Physicist Russell Targ coined the term remote viewing for use in some of his work at SRI in 1974.

During this period, academics outside parapsychology also appeared to have a general optimism towards this research. In 1979, a survey of more than 1,100 college professors in the United States found that only 2% of psychologists expressed the belief that extrasensory perception was an impossibility. A far greater number, 34%, indicated that they believed ESP was either an established fact or a likely possibility. The percentage was even higher in other areas of study: 55% of natural scientists, 66% of social scientists (excluding psychologists), and 77% of academics in the arts, humanities, and education.

The surge in paranormal research continued throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s. By the end of the 1980s, the Parapsychological Association reported members working in more than 30 countries. Additionally, research not affiliated with the PA was being carried out in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

Parapsychology today

Since the 1970s, contemporary parapsychological research has waned considerably in the United States. Early research was considered inconclusive, and parapsychologists were faced with strong opposition from their academic colleagues. Some effects thought to be paranormal, for example, the effects of Kirlian photography, disappeared under more stringent controls, leaving those avenues of research at dead-ends. Many university laboratories in the United States have closed, citing a lack of acceptance by mainstream science as the reason, leaving the bulk of parapsychology confined to private institutions funded by private sources. After 28 years of research, Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory (PEAR) closed in 2007.

Two universities in the United States still have academic parapsychology laboratories: the Division of Perceptual Studies, a unit at the University of Virginia's Department of Psychiatric Medicine, studies the possibility of survival of consciousness after bodily death; the University of Arizona's Veritas Laboratory conducts laboratory investigations of mediums. Several private institutions, including the Institute of Noetic Sciences, conduct and promote parapsychological research. Britain leads parapsychological study in Europe, with privately funded laboratories at the universities of Edinburgh, Northampton, and Liverpool Hope, among others.
The Parapsychological Association states that the presently available, cumulative statistical database for experiments studying some parapsychological effects provides strong, scientifically credible evidence for these effects. This includes presentiment, ESP, and mind-matter interaction. The Association states that an increasing number of parapsychologists are moving beyond proof-oriented research, because they believe experimental success has already been established, and instead looking at more detailed factors to better understand the phenomena.

Parapsychological research has also been augmented by other sub-disciplines of psychology. These related fields include transpersonal psychology, which studies transcendent or spiritual aspects of the human mind, and anomalistic psychology, which examines paranormal beliefs and subjective anomalous experiences in traditional psychological terms

The History of Psychokinesis

2009-05-04T23:59:00.000+07:00

Psychokinesis, a form of psi, meaning that apparently it is a technique of mind over matter through invisible means. Examples of PK are movements of objects, bending of metals, and determining the outcome of events. It can occur spontaneously and deliberately which indicates it is both an unconscious and conscious process.

The term psychokinesis (from the Greek ψυχή, "psyche", meaning mind, soul, heart, or breath; and κίνησις, "kinesis", meaning motion; literally "movement from the mind"), also known as telekinesis (Greek τῆλε + κίνησις, literally "distant-movement"), sometimes abbreviated PK and TK respectively, is a term coined by Henry Holt[4] to refer to the direct influence of mind on a physical system that cannot be entirely accounted for by the mediation of any known physical energy. Examples of psychokinesis could include distorting or moving an object, or influencing the output of a random number generator.

The study of phenomena said to be psychokinetic is an aspect of parapsychology. Some paranormal researchers believe that psychokinesis exists and deserves further study, although the focus of research has shifted away from large-scale phenomena to attempts to influence dice and then to random number generators.

There is no convincing scientific evidence that psychokinesis exists. A meta-analysis of 380 studies in 2006 found a "very small" effect which could be explained by publication bias. PK experiments have historically been criticised for lack of proper controls and repeatability.[13][14][15] However, some experiments have created illusions of PK where none exists, and these illusions depend to an extent on the subject's prior belief in PK.

History:

The term psychokinesis is derived from the Greek words psyche meaning "breath," "life," or "soul," and kinein meaning "to move." The occurrences of PK have been recorded since ancient times. The occurrences include levitation, miraculous healings, luminosities, apports, and other physical phenomena attributed to holy persons and adepts of magic around the world. Such phenomena is recorded in the Bible, especially in the New Testament, in the Book of Acts. One example is cited in which St. Paul and Silas where imprisoned in Ephesus where they prayed and sung hymns, and at midnight their shackles fell off as the prison doors swung opened (Acts 16:19-40).

It is thought that possibly magic spells, curses, and rituals to control the weather may involve PK. The use of the evil eye has been placed within this classification.

Manifestations of PK have occurred in spiritualism such as alleged materializations and dematerializations, apports, levitations, table-tipping, raps, and the appearances of ectoplasm and pseudopods. One 19th century D. D. Holmes was known for his ability to levitate and to handle hot coals without being burned. But, also during this time, there were individuals known as "electric people" who experienced a"high-voltage syndrome". They made knives and forks cling to their skin, and with a touch could send furniture flying across a room.

At the beginning of the 20th century Rudi Schneider, another medium known for his PK ability of materialization and telekinesis of objects, was studied by psychical researchers.

Twentieth century research:

Since the 1930s interest in PK has increased until it has created on of the fastest growing fields of research in parapsychology. This is particularly true within the Soviet Union and the United States. However, results from clinical-controlled studies have been contradictory. Some of the studies were attacked for the methodology while others were accused of being tainted by fraud.

It can be stated that psychokinesis does occur, by the necessary conditions and requirements for is occurrence Patterns have been identified according to experimenters and subjects, but it is known such patterns do not apply in all circumstances.

An American parapsychologist at Duke University in North Carolina, J. B. Rhine began conducting PK experiments in 1934. Although he was not the first to study PK, he did so after conducting ESP experiments which yielded significant results. Rhine's subject was a gambler who claimed to be able to influence the fall of the dice to roll certain numbers or number combinations. Early experimental data showed results far beyond the probabilities of chance, but later testing data yielded uneven results.

Rhine did not immediately publish his findings for several reasons: PK suffered a dubious reputation at the time; he had occasionally used himself as a subject; and his studies were very insignificantly controlled. He finally published his findings when an assistant noted that subjects scored significantly better at the dice in the early part of the sessions than toward the end. This tendency attributed to a decrease of interest on the part of the subjects had been observed in ESP experiments too.

In the publication of his experiments Rhine reported that he observed that PK does not seem connect with any physical process of the brain, or to be subject to any of the mechanical laws of physics. Rather, it does seem to be a nonphysical force of the mind which can act on matter in statically measurably ways. The results produced cannot be explained by physics.

Rhine further concluded that PK was similar to ESP in that both were independent of space and time. ESP was a necessary part of the PK process, and that one signifies the other. In order to exert an influence over matter, such as tossed dice, ESP has to come into play at a critical point in space, and at the right moment in time. Both PK and ESP were influenced by drugs, hypnosis, and the subject's stae of mind.

Also, it was Rhine's belief that faith healing and folk magic healing were PK phenomena, in which a psychogenic effect, sometimes at a distance, was exerted on the body.

Rhine's research marked the beginning of a new era in PK experimentation. Before 1940 most observations in PK occurred through physical mediumship which was generally performed in dark settings of seances. It was practical impossible to establish any scientific control within such settings and there were many accusations of fraud. Following Rhine's work the experimentation of PK was divided into two categories: macro-PK, or observable events; and, micro-PK, weak or slight effects not observable to the naked eye and requiring statistical evaluation. More emphasis was placed on micro-PK.

During the late 1960s a new method of testing micro-PK was developed by the American physicist Helmut Schmidt. His apparatus known as the "electronic coin flipper" operated on the random decay of radioactive particles. As the decay occurs the particles or rays are emitted at rates which are unaffected by temperature, pressure, electricity, magnetism, or chemical change. Such a rate of emission is completely unpredictable and cannot be manipulated by fraud.

In experiments subjects were asked to exert their mental energy to influence on the flipping of the coins, so to attempt to make them come up heads or tails so the bulbs on the apparatus would light up in one direction or the other. Some subjects did successfully influence the coin toss. The electronic coin flipper was the prototype of random event generators, computerized techniques which have since played a major role in both ESP and PK testing, and have produced significant PK test results.

Schmidt was also interested in determining animal-PK. In tests animal produced some positive results, but Schmidt found the interpretation difficult. He theorized that the experimenter could influenced the results by using his own PK upon the experimental subjects. His theory has been proven accurate because this has been determined to be an obstacle in all psi-testing of animals. It is virtually impossible to tell which is exhibiting the PK ability, the animal or researcher. Because of this obstacle little has been done in animal-PK testing, but whenever such testing has occurred Schmidt's guidelines have been used.

Among the most notable macro-PK exhibits was what is now called the "Geller Effect." This was during the 1960's when macro-PK experiments became popular again. The Israeli psychic Uri Geller amazed television audiences with his metal bending feats. These feats were performed in a studio and not under controlled conditions. With a few raps and some mental concentration the feats seemed to be accomplished. Geller's powers seemed to be so powerful that some viewers said some of their household objects underwent similar changes. But, Geller was unsuccessfully able to duplicate the feats under laboratory conditions. Critics, mostly professional magicians, claim Geller had used sleight-of-hand, although such claims went unproved.

The Soviets revealed their most famous PK subject to the West in 1968. A housewife from Leningrad, Nina Kulagina, born in the mid-1920s demonstrated her abilities to Western scientists who observed the movements of many different sizes and types of stationary objects; the altering of the course of objects already in motion; and impressions on photographic film. She was also reported to have exerted PK effect on the heart of a frog, which had been removed from the animal. She first changed its rate of beating, and then completely stopped it. Kulagina was photographed apparently levitating objects.

Tests in both maco-PK and micro-PK have continued with increased sophisticated methodology. Experimenters focused their attention on psychics, mediums, and others who could apparently influence static objects and materials. There were various experiments and results. One subject Ingo Swann, a New York artist and psychic, could change the temperature of object close to him by one degree; also, he could affect the magnetic field of a magnetometer.

Other PK experiments have concerned animals and plants. Healers have held wounded mice; and water to be applied to barely seeds. Both showed impressive results. PK effects have been observed in micro-organisms and enzymes. In some cases the effect is slight and might not be replicated, but to researchers these results hold promise that they may lead to further findings which will lead to further knowledge about the healing process.

Associated with these types of experiments is what is known at the "linger effect." An example of this is when the subject has raise or lowered the temperature and the temperature continues to rise or fall for some time after the subject leaves. Water which has been held by a healer which seemed to influence growth of plants allegedly seems to influence their growth even after it has been boiled.

There are other types of PK which have been studied but are view with a fair amount of skepticism. One of these types is activity of a poltergeist. Such activity includes repeated, unexplained sounds, breaking of china, or other mysterious activity in a house or small area. There are well-authenticated reports describing flying rocks, or heavy furniture moving when no person was found, or known to be at the time at the point of origin of the activity.

Poltergeist activity is generally associated with children or adolescents. One suggestion for this is that the activity is caused from a strong repression of hostility. In the Middle Ages, the cause was frequently thought to be the Devil, or a demon possessing a person, but currently it is thought to be a manifestation of PK activity.

Another type of PK activity is thought by those who experience it to be associated with death, danger or other emotional crisis. In such incidents persons reports falling pictures, clocks which stop, or stopped clocks which start, and shattering of glasses. The persons feels these incidents have indicated a death, or some highly emotional crisis.

PK research is currently being done in the areas of meditation and other altered states of consciousness. Experiments also are being conducted to determine the existence of retroactive PK, or "retro-PK" where subjects try to influence an event such as a sequence of numbers as produced by a random event generator. The subjects try after the event has happened. However, it is impossible to rule out the possibility of the PK effect being unconsciously exerted by the subject or the experimenter on the generator during the number selection.

Although PK is not generally acknowledged by scientists, many parapsychologists believe that well-controlled experiments have established its existence. Thus far laboratory tests have not established this exclusively. Results on the whole have been insignificant. But, the greater potential, many believe, that PK testing will open up wider capacities for mental ability. A.G.H.

Teleportation

2009-05-04T00:21:00.000+07:00

Teleportation is the transfer of matter from one point to another, more or less instantaneously, either by paranormal means or through technological artifice. Teleportation has been widely utilized in works of science fiction.

Similar is apport, an earlier word used to describe what today might be called teleportation; and bilocation, in which an individual or object is said to be, or appears to be, located in two distinct places at the same instant in time. The word "teletransportation" (which simply expands Charles Fort's abbreviated term) was first employed by Derek Parfit as part of a thought exercise on identity.

Etymology

The word was coined in 1931 by American writer Charles Fort to describe the strange disappearances and appearances of anomalies, which he suggested may be connected. He joined the Greek prefix tele- (meaning "distant") to the Latin verb portare (meaning "to carry"). Fort's first formal use of the word was in the second chapter of his 1931 book, Lo! "Mostly in this book I shall specialize upon indications that there exists a transportory force that I shall call Teleportation." Though, with his typical half-serious jokiness, Fort added, "I shall be accused of having assembled lies, yarns, hoaxes, and superstitions. To some degree I think so myself. To some degree, I do not. I offer the data." Fort suggested that teleportation might explain various allegedly paranormal phenomena, though, typically, it's sometimes difficult to tell if Fort took his own "theory" seriously, or instead used it to point out what he saw as the inadequacy of mainstream science to account for strange phenomena.

Scenarios

One proposed means of teleportation is the transmission of data which is used to precisely reconstruct an object or organism at its destination. However, it would be impossible to travel from one point to another instantaneously; faster than light travel, as of today, is believed to be impossible.

The use of this form of teleportation as a means of transport for humans still has considerable unresolved technical issues, such as recording the human body with sufficient accuracy to allow reproduction elsewhere, and whether destroying a human in one place and recreating a copy elsewhere would provide a sufficient experience of continuity of existence. The reassembled human might be considered a different sentience with the same memories as the original, as could be easily proved by constructing not just one, but several copies of the original and interrogating each as to the perceived uniqueness of each. Each copy constructed using merely descriptive data, but not matter, transmitted from the origin and new matter already at the destination point would consider itself to be the true continuation of the original and yet this could not logically be true; moreover, because each copy constructed via this data-only method would be made of new matter that already existed at the destination, there would be no way, even in principle, of distinguishing the original from the copies. Many of the relevant questions are shared with the concept of mind transfer. It is interesting to note, however, that quantum mechanics forbids one from making a wholly exact copy of an object: see no-cloning theorem and Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

It is not clear if duplication of a human would require reproduction of the exact quantum state, which necessarily destroys the original, or whether macroscopic measurements would suffice. In the non-destructive version, hypothetically a new copy of the individual is created with each teleportation, with only the copy subjectively experiencing the teleportation. Technology of this type would have many other applications, such as virtual medicine (manipulating the stored data to create a copy better, or perhaps radically different, than the original), a sort of suspended animation (by creating a copy many years after the information was stored), or backup copies (creating a copy from recently stored information if the original was involved in a mishap.)

Dimensional teleportation is a mechanism often shown in fictional works, particularly in fantasy and comic books. It involves the subject exiting one physical universe or plane of existence, then re-entering it at a different location. This method is rarely seriously considered by the scientific community, as the currently predominant theories about parallel universes assume that physical travel is not possible between them.

Another form of teleportation common in science fiction (and seen in The Culture novels and The Terminator series of films) sends the subject through a wormhole or similar phenomenon, allowing transit faster than light while avoiding the problems posed by the uncertainty principle and potential signal interference. In both of the examples above, this form of teleportation is known as "Displacement" or "Topological shortcut" (Scientific American)[citation needed] which implies that this kind of teleportation may be similar in mechanism to time travel[citation needed].

Displacement teleporters would eliminate many probable objections to teleportation on religious or philosophical grounds, as they preserve the original subject intact — and thus continuity of existence.

Teleportation by means of the mind or innate personal abilities are sometimes referred to as p-Teleportation, "psychoportation", or "jaunting"; named after the fictional scientist (Jaunte) who discovered it in The Stars My Destination (originally titled Tiger! Tiger!), a science fiction novel by Alfred Bester. This method could hypothetically work through any of the mechanisms proposed above, but is usually portrayed in fiction as displacement-type or dimensional teleportation to simplify its use in the story.

Psychokinesis Fundamentals

2009-05-03T23:50:00.000+07:00

Important considerations to remember when attempting to move an object.
Category: Howto & Style
Tags: psychokinesis telekinesis pk tk esp science

Dr Larry Jensen - Kundalini Introduction

2009-05-02T23:41:00.001+07:00

In the early 80's Dr. Jensen experienced a profound Kundalini awakening that facilitated his ability to transmute the energy for the benefit of a recipient. Dr. Jensen has lead hundreds of group meditations and is considered to be a Kundalini master. It is his experience that Kundalini is one and the same as the Holy Spirit.
Category: People & Blogs
Tags: Kundalini Holy Spirit Meditation

http://www.larryjensen.com/Kundalini_HolySpirit.htm

Psychokinesis Demo

2009-05-01T23:38:00.001+07:00

A demonstration of Psychokinesis and an explanation of how to overcome the problem of inertia and kinetic energy.
Category: Howto & Style
Tags: psychokinesis telekinesis pk tk psychic levitation kineticpsycho

Shaman's Journey Meditation

2009-05-01T23:37:00.000+07:00

Enjoy this shamanic drumming and meditation!
Category: Education
Tags: meditation drumming shamanic

The Golden Age: The Age of the Brain

2009-05-01T23:31:00.001+07:00

This video is your introduction to the Golden Age, which we are already in!

The Golden Age is dawning as we speak.

And you can help this age full manifest by re-activating and super-activating your crown chakra, which in your physical body is the upper cortex of your brain.

I have included some music that I have composed that helps to stimulate this organ, the full song and lyrics are at the end of this video!

Visit http://evernewjoy.net for more info!

Victory to You!

Rama
Category: Education
Tags: golden age 2012 new dawn dawning awakening transition time self empowerment healing DNA attraction law aura love light

Higher Self Meditation

2009-05-01T23:25:00.002+07:00

This is a guided meditation for re-connecting to your higher self, and also activating your Crown chakra and Pineal gland.

This is an easy meditation to use as a basis before engaging the Cosmic Flush, which you can access here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVm2qJlAndw

Tags: meditation focus self healing cosmic energy ascension dna 2012 ego brain spiritual mind

Indonesian folklore - Nyai Roro Kidul

2009-04-30T02:12:00.000+07:00

Nyai Loro Kidul (also spelled Nyi Roro Kidul; she also has many other names) is thought to be a legendary Javanese goddess. Her identity is of a complex goddess named goddess or queen of the Southern Sea of Java (Indian Ocean or Samudra Kidul) in Javanese and Sundanese mythology.

Nyai Loro Kidul has many different names, which reflect the diverse stories of her origin in a lot of sagas, legends, myths and traditional folklore. Other names include Ratu Laut Selatan ("Queen of the South Sea," meaning the Indian Ocean) and Gusti Kangjeng Ratu Kidul. Many Javanese believe it is important to use various honorifics when referring to her, such as Nyai, Kangjeng, and Gusti. People who invoke her also call her Eyang (grandmother). In mermaid form she is referred to as Nyai Blorong.

The Javanese word loro literally means two - 2 and merged into the name of the myth about the Spirit-Queen born as a beautiful girl/maiden, in Old Javanese rara, written as rårå, (also used as roro). Old-Javanese rara evolved into the New Javanese lara, written as lårå, (means ill, also grief like heartache, heart-break). Dutch orthography changed lara into loro (used here in Nyai Loro Kidul) so the word play moved the beautiful girl to a sick one - Old Javanese Nyi Rara and the New Javanese Nyai Lara.

Description

Nyai Loro Kidul is often illustrated as a mermaid with a tail as well the lower part of the body of a snake. The mythical creatures are claimed to take the soul of any who are wished for.

Sometimes Nyai Loro Kidul literally can be spoken of as a "naga", a mythical snake. This idea may have been derived from some myths concerning a princess of Pajajaran who suffered from leprosy. The skin disease mentioned in most of the myths about Nyai Loro Kidul might possibly refer to the shedding of a snake's skin.

The role of Nyai Loro Kidul as a Javanese Spirit-Queen became a popular motif in traditional Javanese folklore and palace mythologies, as well as being tied in with the beauty of Sundanese and Javanese princesses. Another aspect of her mythology was her ability to change shape several times a day.

Nyai Loro Kidul in a significant amount of the folklore that surrounds her - is in control of the violent waves of the Indian Ocean from her dwelling place in the heart of the ocean. Sometimes she is referred as one of the spiritual queens or wives of the Susuhunan of Solo/Surakarta and the Sultan of Yogyakarta. Her literal positioning is considered as corresponding to the Merapi-Kraton-South Sea axis in Solo Sultanate and Yogyakarta Sultanate.

Another pervasive part of folklore surrounding her is the colour of green, gadhung m'lathi in Javanese, is referred to her, which is forbidden to wear along the south-coast of Java.

Origin and history

Panembahan Senopati (1586-1601 AD), founder of the Mataram Sultanate, and his grandson Sultan Agung (1613-1645 AD) who named the Kanjeng Ratu Kidul as their bride, is claimed in the Babad Tanah Jawi.

One Sundanese folktale is about Dewi Kadita of the Pajajaran Kingdom, in West Java, who desperately sought the Southern Sea after black magic had hit her. She jumped into the violent waves of the Ocean where the spirits and demons crowned the girl to the legendary Spirit-queen of the South Sea.

Another Sundanese folktale shows Banyoe Bening (meaning clear water) becomes Queen of the Djojo Koelon Kingdom and, suffering from leprosy, travels to the South where she is taken up by a huge wave to disappear into the Ocean.

Another West Java folktale is about the Ajar Cemara Tunggal (Adjar Tjemara Toenggal) on the mountain of Kombang in the Pajajaran Kingdom. He is a male seer who actually was the beautiful great aunt of Raden Joko Susuruh. She told him to go to the east of Java to found a kingdom on the place where a maja-tree just had one fruit; the fruit was bitter, pait in Javanese, and the kingdom got the name of Majapahit. The seer Cemara Tunggal would marry the founder of Majapahit and any descendant in first line, to help in all kind of matters. Though after he (the seer) would have transmigrated into the "spirit-queen of the south" who shall reign over the spirits, demons and all dark creatures.

Specialities

Sarang Burung are Javanese bird's nests, and some of the finest in the world. The edible bird's nests Bird's nest soup or sarang burung, which find a ready market in China, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore are dedicated to Nyai Loro Kidul, mentioned by Sultan Agung in reports.

There are three harvests which are known as the Unduan-Kesongo, Unduan-Telor and Unduan-Kepat, taken place in April, the latter part of August (the largest), and December. The places of Rongkob and Karang Bolong along the South-coast of Central Java are famous for the edible bird's nests, made by the little sea swallows named Salanganen or Collocalia fuciphaga; famous because of the wayang performances which are held, and the Javanese ritual dances which are performed during gamelan music at the traditional ceremony.

This happens in a cave (Karang Bolong) and when these are ended specially prepared offers are made in a shed in what is known as the "State Bed of Nyai Loro Kidul". This relic is hung with beautiful silk batik kains, and a toilet mirror is placed against the green-coloured pillows of the bed ...

Nyai Loro Kidul is the patron goddess of the bird's-nest gatherers of South Java, who pursue what must be one of the world's most hair-raising professions. The gatherers descend the sheer cliff-face on coconut-fibre ropes to an overhang some thirty feet above the water where a rickery bamboo platform has been built. From here they must await their wave, drop into it, and be swept beneath the overhang into the cave. Here they grope around in total darkness filling their bags with bird's nests. Going back needs very precise timing for not misjudging the tides, and fallen into the violent waves.

The Dutch and their Javanese legacy

The term wali which is applied to all of the Islam teachers is Arabic (meaning "saint"), but the title "sunan" which they all carry, too, is Javanese. Sunan Kalijaga used to be one of the most "popular" Wali Sanga, and he got deeply involved with Nyai Loro Kidul because of the water aspect (at the beach of Pemancingan of northern Java, kali means river). Panembahan Senopati Ingalaga (1584-1601) , founder of Mataram's imperial expansion, sought the support of the goddess of the Southern Ocean (Kangjeng Ratu Kidul or Nyai Loro Kidul) at Pemancinang of southern Java.

She was to become the special protectress of the House of Mataram. Senopati's reliance upon both Sunan Kalijaga and Nyai Loro Kidul in the chronicles accounts nicely reflects the Mataram Dynasty's ambivalence towards Islam and indigenous Javanese beliefs.

Sightings

Pelabuhan Ratu

Pelabuhan Ratu, a small fishermen city in West Java, celebrates an annual holiday in her honor on April 6th. A memorial day for the locals, offering a lot of ceremonial "presents". Nyai Loro Kidul is also associated with Parangtritis, Pangandaran, Karang Bolong, Ngliyep, Puger, Banyuwangi, and places all along the south coast of Java. There is a local belief that wearing a green garment in these areas will anger her and will bring misfortune on the wearer, as green is her sacred colour.

Samudra Beach Hotel

The Samudra Beach Hotel, Pelabuhan Ratu, West-Java, keeps room 308 furnished with green colours & reserved for Nyai Loro Kidul.[17] The first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, was involved with the exact location and the idea for the Samudra Beach Hotel. In front of the room 308 there is the Ketapang tree where Sukarno got his spiritual inspiration.

Central-Java

Legends recount her love for Senopati and the famous Sultan Agung of Mataram, which continues to be recounted in the ritualized Bedhaya dance by the royal line of Surakarta, and she is honored by the susuhunans of Solo/Surakarta and the sultans of Yogyakarta, Central-Java. When Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX died on October 3, 1988, the Tempo newsmagazine reported her sighting by palace servants, who were sure she was paying her final tribute to the dead ruler.

Mythical Spirit - Pocong

2009-04-29T02:05:00.000+07:00

A pocong is a Malaysian/ Indonesian ghost that is said to be the soul of a dead person trapped in their suit. The pocong suit (shroud) is used by Muslims to cover the body of the dead person. They cover the dead body with white fabric called mori and tie the clothing over the head, under the feet, and on the neck. According to the native beliefs, the soul of a dead person will stay on the earth for 40 days after the death. When the ties aren't released after 40 days, the body is said to jump out from the grave to warn people that the soul need the bonds to be released. After the ties are released, the soul will leave the earth and never show up anymore. Because of the tie under the feet, the ghost can't walk. This causes the pocong to hop. See the pic

Some people say that the scariest ghost in Indonesia is Pocong. Definitely I agree with this opinion. It is known if someone forgets to release the tie of the death’s shroud, the corpse will rise from their grave and ask everyone to release the bond. This is a photo of Pocong’s appearance in a hospital. What does it actually want to do?

Indonesian folklore - Ratu Adil

2009-04-29T01:47:00.000+07:00

The Ratu Adil, literally means Just King, is a messianic figure in Javanese folklore. The Ratu Adil will establish universal peace and justice in the manner of similar figures, such as King Arthur in European folklore. The Ratu Adil is first mentioned in the Pralembang Joyoboyo, the pseudonymous prophecies ascribed to King Joyoboyo of Kediri.

The prophecy predicts that the Ratu Adil will be poor and at first unknown. This was highly advantageous to most early nationalist leaders. The prophecy also talks about the decline of the nobility as real rulers. The mantle of Ratu Adil has been claimed by a number of leaders in recent Indonesian history, including Diponegoro, Hamengkubuwono IX, Sukarno and Megawati.

Indonesian folklore - Ciung Wanara

2009-04-28T02:23:00.003+07:00

Ciung Wanara is a legend among Sundanese people, Indonesia. The legend is hisory record of Sunda Galuh kingdom. The legend describe the culture tie between Sundanese and Javanese living in western part of Central Java province.

This story originates from a Sundanese oral tradition called Pantun Sunda, which then transferred into books written by some Sundanese writers, both in Sundanese and Indonesian.

Summary

There was once a kingdom in West Java, called Galuh, which was ruled by King Prabu Permana Di Kusumah. After having reigned for a long time the King decided to become an ascetic and he therefore summoned his minister Aria Kebonan to the palace. Apart from this Aria Kebonan had also to come to the king to bring report about the kingdom. While he was waiting in the front-gallery, he saw servants busy walking to and fro, arranging everything for the king. The minister thought how nice it would be to be a king. Every command was obeyed, every wish fulfilled. He therefore wanted to be a king also.

As he was daydreaming there, the king called him.

"Well, Aria Kebonan, is it true that you wish to be a king?" The king knew it because he was endowed with supernatural power.

"No, Your Highness, I shall not be able to."

"Do not lie, Aria Kebonan, I know it."

"Excuse me, Your Highness, I have just thought of it." "Well, I shall make you king. As long as I am away to meditate, you shall be king and rule in a proper way. Then you shall not treat my two wives, Dewi Pangrenyep and Dewi Naganingrum as your wife."

"All right, Your Highness."

"I shall change your appearance into a handsome man. Your name will be Prabu Barma Wijaya. Tell the people that the king has become young and I myself shall go to a secret place. Thus be a kings!"

In a moment Aria Kebonan's appearance resembled Prabu Permana di Kusumah's, but looked ten years younger. People believed his announcement that he was King Prabu Permana Di Kusumah who had become ten years younger and changed his name into Prabu Barma Wijaya. Only one man did not believe his stoiy. It was Uwa Batara Lengser who knew the agreement between the king and the minister. Prabu Barma Wijaya became proud and humiliated Uwa Batara Lengser who could do nothing. He was also rude towards the two queens. Both avoided him, except in public when they behaved as if they were Prabu Barma Wijaya's wives.

One night both queens dreamt that the moon feel upon them. They reported it to the king which gave him a fright, as such a dream was usually a warning to women who were going to be pregnant. This was impossible as he was not guilty of treating both queens as his wives. Uwa Batara Lengser appeared and proposed to invite a new ascetic, called Ajar Sukaresi - who was none else than King Prabu Permana Di Kusumah - to explain the strange dream. Prabu Barma Wijaya agreed. As soon as the ascetic arrived at the palace he was asked by the king about the meaning of the dream.

"Both of the queens are expecting a child, Your

Highness." Although startled by the answer, Prabu Barma Wijaya could still control himself. Eager to know how far the ascetic dared to lie to him, he put another question. "Will they be girls or boys?"

"Both are boys, Your Highness." At this the king could no longer restrain himself, took out his creese and stabbed Ajar Sukaresi to death. He failed. The creese was crooked. "Do you want me to be dead? In that case, I will I shall be dead." Then the ascetic fell down. The king kicked the dead body so violently that it was thrown into the forest where it changed into a big dragon, called Nagawiru. At court something strange happened. Both queens were indeed pregnant. After some time Dewi Pangrenyep gave birth to a son who was called Hariang Banga, while Dewi Naganingrum gave birth at a later date.

One day when Prabu Barma Wijaya was visiting Dewi Naganingrum, the unborn child spoke: "Barma Wijaya, you have already forgotten a lot of promises. The more you do cruel things, the shorter your power will last."

This made the King very angry and at the same time he was afraid of the threat by the baby. He wanted to get rid of it and soon he found the way to do that. He asked for Dewi Pangrenyep's help to be quit of Dewi Naganingrum's baby who would be born as a rascal according to his dream. He would not be suitable for the ruler of the country together with Dewi Pangrenyep's son Hariang Banga. The queen believed it and agreed, but what was to be done?

"We shall exchange the baby with a dog and throw the child into the Citanduy river." This they did after covering Dewi Naganingrum's eyes with some wax, pretending to help the poor woman. The baby was put into a basket and thrown into the Citanduy river after a baby dog was laid on the lap of the unlucky mother.

Soon the queen knew that she was holding a baby dog and was very sad. The two evil-doers tried to get rid of Dewi Naganingrum by telling lies to the people, but nobody believed them. Even Uwa Batara Lengser could do nothing as the king as well as Queen Dewi Pangrenyep, was very powerful. Barma Wijaya even sentenced Dewi Naganingrum to death because she had given birth to a dog, which was shameful for the country. Uwa Batara Lengser got the instruction to carry out the command. He took the unlucky woman to the wood, but he did not kill her, instead he built a good hut for her. To convince the king and Dewi Pangrenyep that he had carried out the order, he showed them Dewi Naganingrum's bloodstained clothes.

At the village Geger Sunter, by the Citanduy river, there lived an old couple who usually put their bow-net in the river. One morning they went to the river to fetch the bow-net, and were very surprised to find a casket in the net instead of a fish. Opening it, they found a lovely baby. They carried the baby home and took care of it and loved it as their own.

As time went by the baby grew to a fine young man who accompanied the old man hunting in the wood. One day they saw a bird and a monkey.

"What bird and monkey are they, Father?"

"The bird is called Ciung and the monkey Wanara, my son."

"In that case, then call me Ciung Wanara." The old man agreed as the meaning of both words suited to the character of the boy.

One day he asked the old man why he was different from the other boys of the village and why they honoured him much. Then the old man told him that he had been driven to the place in a box and was not a boy from the village.

"Your parents are surely noble people from Galuh."

"In that case, I have to go thither in search for my real parents, Father."

"That is right, but you should go with a friend. In the casket there is an egg. Take it, go to the wood and find a fowl to hatch it."

Ciung Wanara took the egg, made for the wood as told by the old man, but he could not find a fowl. Instead he found Nagawiru who was kind to him and who offered him to hatch the egg. He laid the egg under the dragon and shortly after it was hatched. The chicken grew up rapidly. Ciung Wanara put it in the basket, left the old man and his wife and made for Galuh.

On arriving there the hen had already grown into a big and strong game-cock. While Ciung Wanara was looking for the owner of the casket, he took part in cock-fighting. His cock never lost. The news about the young man whose cock always won at cock-fighting also reached Prabu Barma Wijaya who ordered Uwa Batara Lengser to find the young man. The old man immediately felt that he was Dewi Naganingrum's son, especially when Ciung Wanara showed him the casket in which he had been thrown into the river. Uwa Batara Lengser told Ciung Wanara that the king had ordered such besides accusing his mother of having given birth to a dog.

"If your cock wins in the fight against that of the king, just ask him half of the kingdom as a reward of your victory."

The next morning Ciung Wanara appeared in front of Prabu Barma Wijaya and told him what Lengser had proposed. The king agreed as he was sure of the victory of his cock, called si Jeling. It proved that the cock lost his life in the fight and the king was compelled to fulfill his promise to give Ciung Wanara half of his kingdom.

Ciung Wanara became king of half and had an iron prison built to keep bad people. One day Prabu Barma Jaya and Dewi Pangrenyep came to inspect the prison. As they were inside, Ciung Wanara shut the door and made it known to the people of the country. They cheered.

Hariang Banga, Dewi Pangrenyep's son, however, was sad and attacked Ciung Wanara and his followers. Nobody won. All of a sudden there appeared King Prabu Permana Di Kusumah accompanied by Dewi Naganingrum and Uwa Batara Lengser.

"Hariang Banga and Ciung Wanara!" the king said, "Stop fighting!. It is pamali - taboo- fighting against own brothers. You are brothers, both of you are my sons. Both of you will reign here, Ciung Wanara in Galuh and Hariang Banga in eastern of Pamali river or Brebes river, the new country. Let Dewi Pangrenyep and Barma Wijaya who was Aria Kebonan in prison as they are bad people."

Since then Galuh was prosperous again as in the days of Prabu Permana Di Kusumah.

Mythical Spirit - Tuyul or Toyol

2009-04-28T01:48:00.005+07:00

A Toyol or Tuyul is a mythical spirit in the Malay mythology of South-East Asia (notably Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore). It is a small child spirit invoked by a bomoh (Malay witch doctor) from a dead human foetus using black magic. It is possible to buy a toyol from such a bomoh.

A person who owns a toyol uses it mainly to steal things from other people, or to do mischief. According to a well-known superstition, if money or jewellery keeps disappearing mysteriously from your house, a toyol might be responsible. One way to ward off a toyol is to place some needles under your money, for toyols are afraid of being hurt by needles.

Take a look, Tuyul appears behind the girl. What actually it wants? Wanna steal something or just want to take a picture with the girl?

Origins

Some say that toyol has its origins from Mecca near the Kaaba (the belief refers to the Pre-Islamic Era where the Arabs used to kill their children and bury them all around Mecca. The Chinese (Cantonese) name for the toyol is guai zai (literally "ghost child"). The corresponding term in the Hokkien dialect is kwee kia with "kwee" meaning "ghost" and "kia" meaning "child".

Appearance

People normally associate the appearance of a toyol with that of a small baby, frequently that of a newly born baby walking in nakedness with a big head, small hands, clouded eyes and usually greyed skin. More accurately, it resembles a goblin. It can be seen by the naked eye without the use of magic, though they are unlikely to be spotted casually.

Invoking a Toyol

Keeping a toyol has its price. In essence, the spirit is that of a still-born (or aborted) child, and its temperament reflects this.

According to most Asian practices and beliefs, the afterlife of a person is taken care of by the family, in the form of a tablet. It is usually made of wood, with the name of the deceased engraved. A collection of tablets at an elaborate family altar is a typical item in a large (and often wealthy) family. Following the same principle, the master of the toyol keeps its tablet and cares for it. He must feed it with a few drops of his blood everyday, usually through his thumb or big toe. In addition, it requires certain coaxing and attention, along with offerings. Such offerings might include candy and toys, for the toyol is essentially a child and must be kept happily entertained. According to other stories, a toyol must be fed with blood from a rooster.

Tasks

In old village tales, people keep toyols for selfish but petty gains. They use such spirits for theft, sabotage and other minor crimes. Serious crimes, like murder, are usually beyond the capability of these toyols. A person who suddenly becomes wealthy without explanation might be suspected of keeping a toyol. The toyol is kept in a jar or an urn, and hidden away in a dark place until needed.

What happens at the end of the "contract" is not very clear. It could be that the tablet, along with the urn, is buried in a graveyard (with the relevant rituals), and the spirit is then laid to rest. An alternative method is to dispose them in the sea. Or else, a toyol gets passed down in a family through the generations. This seems to suggest that once you obtain a toyol, not only are you stuck with it for the rest of your life, but all your descendants will also be condemned to own it.

Weaknesses

Although seemingly cunning, toyols are supposedly not very intelligent. It is said that they are easily deceived by marbles and sand and strands of garlic hanging on the door post or placed on certain parts of the house. The toyol will start playing with these items until it forgets its task at the intended victim's house. Money placed under mirrors has the potentcy to ward off toyols due to a phobia of their reflections.

Mysterious Creature - Jenglot

2009-04-28T01:39:00.005+07:00

A jenglot is a type of mysterious creature or vampire in Indonesian and Malaysian culture and mythology. The appearance is like a tiny human doll with long hair and appears to be alive. It is usually described as a mythical creature and some say the Jenglot was actually a human body. There are controversies about this creature since there is not enough scientific evidence to support its existence.

Jenglot is a mystical creature found in Indonesia, especially in Java. Jenglots are mostly found by native psychics after they have performed a supernatural ceremony.

Appearance

Jenglot is a small human-like creature, usually around 10-15cm with long nails. The hair on its head is said to be able to grow over time. The face of a jenglot is shaped like a skeleton or a zombie. This creature has been found with joined feet, which makes it look like a mermaid.

Feeding Jenglot

Jenglot keepers feed their creature with blood, either animal blood (goat) or human blood. A person who feeds the creature with human blood buys the blood legally from the Indonesian Red Cross. The jenglot is said to not drink the blood directly. The person places the jenglot near the blood, but the jenglot doesn't even move or touch the blood. It is said that the jenglot will get the nutrients of the blood in their own way.

Exhibition

People who have caught the jenglot usually bring their creature all over Indonesia to exhibit them in order to gain some money.
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Jenglot Jive – Tiny Entities Discovered In Southeast Asia

Ahmad Jamaludin

The UFO picture in Indonesia is still a haze one, as no-one knows the actual situation there. Indonesia has over 3,000 islands lying along the active earthquake belt in soouth-east Asia. There have been occasional reports of UFOs seen over the country, but on the whole nobody pays much attention to it. There are probably numerous cases of close encounter events with UFO occupants, but unfortunately they have not made it to press. According to newspaper editors, such reports have no credibility and hence they are not taken seriously.

However, one interesting case caught their attention. An Indonesian man, Hendra Hartanto, claimed that he was able to capture a few mysterious beings measuring only 4 inches tall, after undergoing a process of isolation and meditation for an undisclosed period of time in Pantai Selatan, Java during 1972. These tiny entities are interesting not just because they are something ‘out of this world’, but they are similar in size to the reported encounters with tiny UFO occupants seen in Malaysia. Most of the UFO beings coming out of landed tiny UFOs in Malaysia measured only between three to nine inches in height. However, Hartanto never claimed that the entities he captured were UFO occupants. He believed that these beings were the manifestations of white monkeys, due to a spiritually imposed curse by Hartanto. According to him, the strange entities had aged over thousands of years, and that each year the size of their bodies became smaller.

To keep them alive, Hartanto fed the creatures human blood every 35 days. He said that he obtained the blood from valid sources, and sometimes even donated his own. If these entities actually dined on blood, perhaps the loss of blood in cattle mutilation cases could throw some light as to who might be needing blood for survival.

To back up his claims of the captured beings, Hartanto has put his finds up for display at shopping malls around Jakarta. He is currently charging 5,000 rupiah for those who are interested in seeing the creatures, and Hartanto’s fan-base are mostly comprised of housewives and children.

My Teddy Bear

The tiny beings are almost human-like in appearance, but seem to be more like long-haired dolls with round protruding eyes. Without its fangs and claw-like fingers and toes, one of the beings looks more like a child’s teddy bear! The only visible difference is that they appear to be alive.

Hartanto usually displays four of these unusual creatures, which he calls Jenglot. He has male and female Jenglots and, according to Hartanto, the males are more aggressive when compared to the female of the species. Each of the Jenglots have a different facial complexion, allowing him to easily differentiate between them and give them individual names.

Even though these tiny creatures are becoming increasingly popular with the south-east Asians, Hartanto has incurred the ire of the Muslim community. The latter believe that the presence of the Jenglot could encourage a deeper belief in supernatural phenomena.

Hartanto shows his Jenglot to anyone who is interested, thus it is unlikely that they are a hoax. Also, it has been reported that several local scientists have examined the creatures in order to determine their species and origin. To date, they are still baffled by the almost human-like appearance of the creatures, and so no official statements have yet been made. Hartanto, however, is still parading his Jenglot colony around the city of Jakarta, whatever they may actually be.

Malaysia Ghost Picture - Langsuir

2009-04-28T01:34:00.002+07:00

Langsuir is a version of Pontianak, popular in Malaysia as one of the deadliest banshees in Malay folklore. Different from the Pontianak, which always appeared as a beautiful woman to devour the victim, Langsuir would possess the victim and suck blood from the inside, slowly causing a fatal death.

It is believed that langsuir are from women who had laboring sickness (meroyan) as a result of suffering the death of their children and who themselves died afterwords. Portrayed as hideous, scary, vengeful and furious, the Langsuir is further characterized as having red eyes, sharp claws, long hair, a green or white robe (most of the time), a rotten face and long fangs.

It is also believed Langsuir has a hole behind the neck(which is used to suck blood) and if people put Langsuir's hair in this hole(or cut their claws), Langsuir will be a human again. These are the common images described by people who claimed to have seen one. Pontianaks are sometimes claimed to be the still-born children of langsuir.

Indonesian Ghost Picture - Kuntilanak

2009-04-28T01:24:00.002+07:00

The Pontianak, Kuntilanak, Matianak or "Boentianak" (as known in Indonesia, sometimes shortened to just kunti) is a type of vampire in Malay folklore, similar to the Langsuir. Pontianak are women who died during childbirth and became undead, seeking revenge and terrorizing villages. See the Pic

In folklore, Pontianak usually announces its presence through baby cries or turn themselves into beautiful lady and frighten or kill the unlucky who enter or pass through their vicinity. It usually disguises itself as a beautiful young lady to attract its victim (usually male). Its presence sometimes can be detected by a nice floral fragrance of the ‘kemboja’ (a type of flower) followed by an awful stench afterwords. The distance of a pontianaks cries are very tricky. The Malays believe that if the cry is soft means that the pontianak is near and if it is loud then it must be far.

A Pontianak kills its victims by digging into their stomachs with its sharp fingernails and devouring their organs. Pontianaks must feed in this manner in order to survive. In some cases where the Pontianak desires revenge against a male individual, it rips out the sex organs with its hands. It is believed that Pontianaks locate prey by sniffing out clothes left outside to dry. For this reason, some Malays refuse to leave any object of clothing outside.

People believe that having a sharp object like a nail helps them fend off potential attacks by Pontianak, the nail being used to plunge a hole at the back of the Pontianak's neck. It is believed that when a nail is plunged into the back of a Pontianak's neck, she will turn into a beautiful woman, until the nail is pulled off again. The Indonesian twist on this is plunging the nail into the apex of the head of the kuntilanak.

Pontianak is associated with banana trees, and its spirit is said to reside in them during the day.

Some people believe that if you hear a dog howling that means that the pontianak is far away. But if a dog is whining that means the pontianak is nearby.